What Makes Marriage Last - Older Adults in Long-Term...

What Makes Marriages Last: Older Adults and Long-Term Marriages Studies about successful long-term marriages are important in assisting social and mental health professionals, theorists and researchers provide accurate data in order to develop successful counseling and instruction towards successful matrimonial unions. Couples who express satisfaction in their long-term marriage relationships are often found to have been successful in five particular areas of communication and support, including commitment to each other, deeply caring and great compassion for each other, focus on each other and shared values and goals, physical intimacy, and reliance upon each other (Connidis, 2010, p. 53). While marriages and the success or†¦show more content†¦Couples who are grounded in their strong sense of commitment and support for each other will also be more refined at defining and negotiating their mutual values and goals together. The result of choosing to focus on the positive and forgetting the negative is prime evidence of the older adult’s quest for meaningful goals and value in the later part of life. Intimacy and Reliance on Each Other Intimacy in marriage is important in its effect on the psychological and emotional closeness of the individuals in the relationship and the health of the relationship itself. The intimacy that develops in a marriage is one that is built over time as couples develop trust between each other. Intimacy does not necessarily always include the physical part of being close to each other and sharing in a sexual context. It encompasses sharing on a deep level in openness, trust, and pure relationship. Marriage itself does not define a pure relationship, but pure relationship can be defined within the bounds of traditional marriage. A pure relationship is one in which each partner has entered into the relationship believing that the relationship is sustainable from what they assume can be derived from each other’s individual contributions (Connidis, 2010, p. 53). It is from these foundations of trust that allows a couple to rely upon each other through life’s circumsta nces and a deep, lasting attachment and emotional support for eachShow MoreRelatedLater Adulthood Development Report1234 Words   |  5 Pagesand the need for health care. Also one will illustrate the adjustment and transition from work to retirement. What changes occur in marriage, family, and peer relationships? Lastly one will identify social policies that affect the older adult. The older adults face several problems. In our society they have a role less role. It is important to find a role for older adults. Some older adults are encouraged to be productive and work in order to change perceptions. There are stereotypes that they faceRead MoreMarriage, As A Fundamental Social And Cultural Institution.1551 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage, as a fundamental social and cultural institution. It is the most common environment for bearing and raising children, profoundly shapes sexual behaviors and practices, especially among those of young adults. It is considered as one of the greatest parts of a couple’s life; experiencing beautiful things that shall be cherished and treasured by wedded patterns for what is supposed to be all eternity. However, considering the new civilized and liberated nation in which we live in, it’s wellRead MoreThe Likeliness of Being Different1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Likeliness of Being Different Based on every class, every story, and every essay I ve sat through learning or writing about Human Development, I don t think I can fit the term into the simple definition that it is the unfolding of the human potential in each person s unique environment. It just feels like so much more. Among the many things that have been engraved in my mind about the subject, the idea that everything is due to our genes and environment fascinates me the most. DevelopmentRead MoreEssay Life After Divorce1088 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture? Most will answer yes, well if you do it wouldn’t hurt you to know that the divorce rate is over 50 %! Marriage, sacred by religion and respected by older generations, doesn’t always last forever, within the last fifty years the divorce rate has increased by more than half of all marriages ending in divorce. There is many factors as to why two people divorce and its effects on the adults and children in the family. In my opinion the top three effect s of divorce are former lovers losing feelingsRead MoreTaking a Look at Divorce1420 Words   |  6 Pagesis due to experiences, what others have said, or looking at studies that are not always accurate. However, not everyone can have the same views about marriage ending in divorce. In the article, â€Å"No Easy Answers: Why the Popular View of Divorce Is Wrong† by Constance Ahrons she shows her view on divorce. Ahrons believes that divorce does not have long-lasting damaging effects on children (65). Divorce can affect children in the family but the way the decisions are made is what will change the way theRead MoreChildren Are A Beneficial Blessing Essay907 Words   |  4 Pageschild can bring so many positive things to a marriage that makes having a child worth everything. Children are a beneficial blessing on people because they make families complete, bringing joy and defining a human’s destiny. Children have the power to change the adult’s image on life. First children are a part of what completes a family, and they bring a new chapter on the life of a married couple. Having a child is a big decision for anyone to make. When a couple is financially and emotionallyRead MoreDoes Religion Affect Our Lives?1185 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays mixed marriages become very popular and partners in such marriages are very happy and satisfied with their choice. But is this really true? Religion can play a vital role in the way people relate to each other, particularly with interpersonal dynamics within a family. Until recent decades, the idea of a marrying outside the faith was practically unheard of, if not taboo. Such weddings took place in private ceremonies, not in a church sanctuary in front of hundreds of friends and familyRead MoreSolution to Divorce1574 Words   |  7 PagesDate: July 16, 2012 U.S Congress Washington DC 20510 Dear Legislators: It is said by most scholarly articles and books they over 50 percent of marriages in the US end in divorce. Although this may not be the truth for some marriages, it is no secret that the California and even national divorce rate is at an all time high. Divorce is also the main cause of the degradation of the modern American family. Divorce can have lasting effects on all parties involved. It is a lasting and trying situationRead MoreDivorce Is A Process That Many People Around The World Go Through990 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce is a process that many people around the world go through. Over the last couple of decades, the rate of marriages that end in divorce has been steadily increasing. There are numerous factors in which a marriage can fail and end up in divorce. The effects of divorce are immense; it permanently weakens the bond or relationship between a child and their parents. Some of the most common results that divorce has on children include the fact that children tend to blame themselves, there is aRead MoreRelationship Between Friends With Benefits1223 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial issue that often sparks strong emotions. There are so many factors that can dictate how these relationships start and end. The label â€Å"friends with benefits† is a commonly used label by the younger generation and it has become popular among older folks nowadays. So, shouldn’t any friendship have its own benefits? However, the phrase is used in a different context, one more convenient and less conventional. Again, it’s when either two friends or acquaintances, and in some cases past lovers,

The Tragedy Of The Red Tails - 1449 Words

Films do not simply give someone words and ask them to create a world of their own; films offer a complete other dimension that the viewer belongs to for a few brief hours. Without films like Saving Private Ryan, society would not be able to experience the emotions of, in this case, war, but the emotions of other people in general. Those who watched Milk for the first time were suddenly smacked in the face by the reality of what it was like to stand up for their rights. The audiences of Red Tails saw what it was like to get treated like you were less than someone else, and how people needed to prove their worth to others. None of these films had anything to do with events current from their times of release, but sometimes it is good to empathize with our ancestors. Movies do not need to only ever show people being oppressed in order to connect with an audience though, sometimes it is good to just allow people to feel raw emotions. Crash addresses the oppressed by labeling everyone as oppressed and by also labeling everyone as the oppressor, allowing the film to truly connect to all audiences. Paul Haggis uses the film Crash to portray what stereotypes people really think in, using the language as a vessel to take the audience within their own subconscious. In Paul Haggis’ 2004 film, Crash, he shows how closely seven completely different groups of people, along with a few side groups, brush up in each other’s lives. The tagline â€Å"Things are not really black or white† reallyShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men - Critical Evaluation Essay examples727 Words   |  3 Pagesbuilds up to the climax of the tragedy . The mouse Lennie had was dead . He had killed it unintentionally when petting it . This situation is repeated further on in the story when Lennie is given a pup by Slim . Lennie had been playing with it and had hit the puppy for biting him . You know that an incident like this is going to be the downfall of George and Lennie . br brThe episode in Weed also hints on future tragedy . Lennie sees a girl wearing a beautiful red dress and , child-like as heRead MoreMacbeth : Lightness And Darkness988 Words   |  4 PagesEmina Muratovic Mr. Tice Honors English 2 6 March 2017 Macbeth Essay: Lightness and Darkness Is the lightness and darkness combination, implemented by Shakespeare in the play The Tragedy of Macbeth, foreshadowing Macbeth’s downfall? As many can identify conspicuous examples of light and darkness through characterization, the play has many hidden foreshadowing signifiers. Although many overlook the imagery created through the light and darkness in Macbeth, Shakespeare places these examples strategicallyRead More Comedy and Tragedy in The Cherry Orchard Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesComedy and Tragedy in The Cherry Orchard    Anton Chekovs The Cherry Orchard serves as a glimpse into the lives of upper middle-class Russians at the turn of the century. The play at times seems to be a regretful account of past mistakes, but at other times it seems very comedic. The final outcome tends to classify it primarily as a tragedy with no shortage of lighthearted moments. It invokes many feelings within the reader: joy, regret, pity, and anger are all expressed among the interactionsRead MoreHistory: The Holocaust a Human Error Essay864 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific purpose which seems to be frequently forgotten. We learn about violent and horrible events in our past, as well as life- changing and positively impacting ones. From the negative events, we learn what went wrong and how to prevent similar tragedies from happening. From the positive, we gather knowledge and comprehension of the basis of our modern society. We are a self- repairing race, analyzing every flaw and figuring out what caused it. Its an ancient practice, trial and error is human natureRead MoreEndangerment of the Snow Leopard Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pages Additionally, this cat is one of the smallest of the world’s large cats, averaging about two feet tall from paws to shoulders and about six feet from head to the base of the tail. The tail, however, can add up to three feet to their body length. The snow leopard eats anything from wild sheep to birds to gazelles to red pandas. It is obviously a meat eater, which is called a carnivore. Back to the point, snow leopards are in great danger of becoming extinct if humans continue to hunt them forRead MoreThere Are Many Different Factors That Can Cause Loneliness1715 Words   |  7 Pagesthat work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong no place. They come to a ranch an’ work up a stake and then they go inta town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know they’re poundin’ their t ail on some other ranch†(Steinbeck 13). As the story develops, Lennie and George meet Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife, who confess that they also live lonely, isolated lives. Throughout the novel, John Steinbeck uses symbolism to convey the theme ofRead MoreOkonkwo Tragic Flaw Analysis1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Warrior’s Tragic Flaw The novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe follows the classic model of a tragedy. Where a man of the name Okonkwo spent his life trying not to follow in his father Unoka footsteps. He had one fatal flaw, he was haunted by the ghost his cowardly father. But will hiding who he really is lead to the fall of his facade? This fear of weakness and failure has come from his father and is the reasoning for many things he does in his life. His father, Unoka, was not a strongRead MoreThe, Artificial Intelligence Pioneer, By Edward Hoagland1484 Words   |  6 Pagesand I felt when my dog, Roxy, collided into a vehicle. After the accident, of course, we were worried for her life; we sat down and prayed as a family, hoping she would survive the damages, a massive dent caved into her head. Moments before this tragedy occurred, my mom and I were walking out the door, on our way to gymnastics practice. As we pulled out of the driveway, and into the foggy road, we encountered a startling bump. We would have thought nothing of it except that we heard a high pitchRead MoreWalt Disneys The Lion King Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagescontrast when one watches the movie the Gladiator, one notices the obvious comparison to Shakespeare Hamlet. In Gladiator the main character seeks vengeance for the loss of his son and wife, as does hamlet for his father. In short summation the tragedies throughout both tales replicate one another in very dramatic fashion. In The Lion King, the role of the young prince whose father is murdered is played by a cub named Simba, whose naivetà © procures him more than his fair share of hardships and troublesRead MoreJules Kieser : A Terrible Tragedy2111 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction: On a cold winters night in the year 2013, in the calm and peaceful suburb of Roslyn, a terrifying tragedy was about to unravel. A night like no other. A night that left the residents of Roslyn fearful and full of anxiety. It all began on the evening of May 5th. Professor Jules Kieser, Dentistry Lecturer at the University of Otago, travelled home excited to see his family but instead was faced with the most traumatising event of his life. He was found dead and dumped next to a bush

Population Growth free essay sample

Over the past 10 years, Indian population has risen by 220 million people, reaching an estimated 1,22 billion in 2012. The effects of this population increase are evident in the increasing poverty, unemployment, air and water pollution, shortage of food, health resources and educational resources. With India as an example we will discuss Malthus, the population growth theory and see if Malthus theory was maybe mistaken in the past but has some valid aspects today. Thomas Malthus was an English priest and economist who lived during the late 18th  Century.He is famous for his theories about population and its increase or decrease in response to various factors. His thought was influenced by living conditions of that period: the first negative effects of Industrialization and growing urbanization appeared. This caused an increase in poverty and unemployment, which made it necessary for the government to introduce the so called â€Å"poor laws† , guaranteeing a minimum income to every person. We will write a custom essay sample on Population Growth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Malthus defined two types of checks to population growth: preventive checks and positive checks.Preventive checks are those that affect the birth rate and include marrying at a later age. He also called these â€Å"moral restraint†. So Malthus stated that a family should not have any children before they cannot make sure that they can supply their kids. According to Thomas Malthus, positive checks are those, that increase the death rate. These include war, plague, disease and famine. Malthus felt that the fear of famine or the development of famine was also a major impetus to reduce the birth rate.He indicates that potential parents are less likely to have children when they know that their children are likely to starve. His theory was wrong because Malthus only considered two factors when he established his basic graphs: food supply and population growth. Other factors such as improvements in technology proved him wrong. Malthus wrote during an historical turning point because the Industrial revolution changed the long-term outlook for economic growth. However, nearly two centuries after Malthus, the overall quality of life has significantly improved. Because of scientific and technological advances in agriculture, food production has become much more efficient as population has increased. Smaller areas of land can now produce great amount of food that was once unimaginable in Malthus’ period. By the way, innovations have allowed mankind to find more efficient methods of energy use. For this reason, we can affirm that Malthus underestimated technology’s role in agriculture production and overestimated the problem of population growth. Malthus was not only wrong in his prediction of the development of the economy, but also in his prediction of the demographic development.He assumed that population will continue to grow in a geometrical ratio as time goes on but as the Industrial revolution continued in Europe the growth of the population started to slow. Also Ricardo predicted that these two aspects about the growth of population are wrong in his theory. The limits of innovation are unknown if even boundless but throughout our history, humans have been able to adapt to whatever population or environmental change. For this reason, we can maintain that Malthus’ population growth theory was wrong looking at India situation.Overpopulation is a growing problem throughout the world at this stage in time. Currently, the world population has crossed over the six billion mark and is on an exponential path upwards. We well know that overpopulation and population growth places a tremendous amount of pressure on natural resources, which result in a chain reaction of problems as the nation grows. Negative effects of population growth and, specifically, overpopulation include poverty caused by low income per capita, famine, and disease: India is a prime example of Thomas Malthus’ theory of population growth and its effect on the economy.It is a country plagued by poverty, primarily caused by overpopulation. Inhabited by over 1,2 billion people, India has a population of three hundred million under the poverty line. A majority of the poor population is unemployed, starving, and is being forced to beg on the streets to make ends meet. In theory, more people may mean a country can produce and consume more goods and services, leading to economic growth. But this can only occur when employment opportunities grow at least as fast as the labor force and when people have access to the necessary education and training.The overwhelming element in the theory is Malthusian diminishing returns to labor, as the stock of capital does not increase in the same proportion as labor does. Rising population promotes the need for some sort of technological change in order to meet the rising demands for certain goods and services. Therefore, the technological advancement that accompanies the growth of population and the expansion of population, allows for even more population to survive due to the rise in o verall outputs by the business and the nation as a whole. Thus, it generates demands for goods and results in overall economic growth. The rising population provides a supply of labor and contributes to the increase in output of goods. Through Indian fiscal policies and the rise in the education among citizen’s, India was able to generate a high employment which led to an increase in the output of goods and services. Yet, there still is a rising problem in India concerning poverty and malnutrition. But, through the theory that population growth has a positive effect on economic growth, India will prosper in the long run.In the end, India, has become one of the world’s fastest growing economies, primarily due to the rise in population growth creating a positive effect on its long run economic growth. India is now ranked one of the top producers in agriculture and is a top nation in terms of GDP in a developing country. In many cases, economists are correct in saying that population growth has a positive effect on economic growth of a nation. In reality, economists might say, If it weren’t for its high populations India would still be a suffering developing nation. Words number : 1006

New Workplace Designs

Abstract This case revolves around the issue of how an organization’s workplace both shapes and is shaped by the information technology choices that the organization makes. The complexity of new office designs and its implications for technology is discussed. The paper evaluates the role which technology plays in the development of new workplace designs. Recommendations for improving the use of technologies and their implications for organizational choices are provided.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New Workplace Designs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That technologies affect the choices organizations make is a well-known fact. There is an emerging consensus that technologies predetermine the quality and efficiency of various workplace designs. Office designs are a product of technological evolution in the workplace. Unfortunately, not all office designs are successful. Office designs cannot be relevan t or efficient, unless companies’ present and future business models are taken into consideration. Managers and employees must be able to think and work differently in different workplace environments. Also, technologies should not promote inertia in the workplace. The process of creating new office designs is extremely challenging and complex. Office designs can be effective, only if users are involved in the process of designing and implementing computer-based workplace systems. The past years were marked with the rapid changes in office designs. New technologies impose new requirements on businesses, and only those who can catch up with the technological progress conquer new markets and win new market opportunities. It goes without saying that the â€Å"process of designing new modern workplaces is more challenging than ever† (Johansson et al, 2002, p.162). Technologies cause huge revolutions in office designs, but office design cannot be effective, unless designers and architects take companies’ business decisions, models, and frameworks into consideration. Technologies and companies create a complex reciprocal link, in which technologies shape and change business models and business models affect the ways, in which technologies and workplace are designed (Wallace, 2000). In this complex network of influences, corporate philosophies and models play an extremely important role and predetermine the quality, scope, and relevance of various technological systems.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unfortunately, not all office designs and technological systems are successful. In most cases, failure to adopt an effective office design is the result of managers’ failure to change and adjust their roles to new technological requirements. In his article about telecommunications and their effects on work in nonprofit organizations, Griscom (2009) writes that managers must be able to work differently in different work environments. In case of open work environments, employees and managers must adopt democratic workplace values, pursue transparency and dialogue in communication, promote dignity and fairness in relations with employees, and strive to achieve collective goals (Griscom, 2009). Managers and employees should not use technologies and new office designs as the sources of inertia and inactivity. The use of tested success formulas is not always the best way to sustained competitiveness in business (Lagace, 2003). However, it is through shakes and failures that companies open their eyes and realize the value of change. It is through catastrophes (unfortunately!) and natural disasters that companies realize the need to introduce new, relevant technologies. Inertia is a reliable predictor of the future business failures. The question is what factors and aspects must be taken into consideration by companies, which seek to adopt a new, effective and successful office design. As previously mentioned, knowledge of business models and frameworks must create a foundation for developing effective workplace designs (Wallace, 2000). Offices and technologies must be designed in ways that reflect the needs of employees and work, in general (Wallace, 2000). The features and characteristics of office designs must fit in the features and characteristics of organizational hierarchies (Wallace, 2000). For example, organizations with flattened structures must design their offices in ways that give employees greater autonomy and equality, to let them achieve the desired collective performance results (Wallace, 2000). Modern workplace designs are not merely a matter of spatial considerations and architecture but a product of complex interactions between spatial arrangements and technologies (Johansson et al, 2002). The choice and use of technologies must be tied to the specific demands and features of c ompanies’ business models. Even the best technologies cannot produce successful office designs, unless these designs are participatory. Participatory design is one of the most popular topics in the current technology research. Participatory design is â€Å"an evolving practice among design professionals which explores conditions for user participation in the design and introduction of computer-based systems at work† (Kensing Blomberg, 1998, p.167). Participatory design means that users are actively involved in the process of developing and implementing new office designs. Participatory design also means that users have a voice in technological decisions in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New Workplace Designs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The politics of participatory design is about redistributing workplace power and reconceptualizing workplace relations from the viewpoint of co llaboration, participation, and equality (Kensing Blomberg, 1998). Employees fear that new technologies will favor and reinforce the existing distributions of power; such technologies can hardly meet employee interests and needs in the workplace (Kensing Blomberg, 1998). Participatory design is a good way to guarantee that all aspects of organizational performance are taken into account. It is an excellent way to ensure that technologies serve a relevant extension of individual abilities and skills in the workplace, fit in the circumstances and conditions of workplace performance, and improve performance and productivity in the workplace. Conclusion Organizations affect the choices organizations make. In the meantime, organizational philosophies and corporate policies affect the choice of technologies within organizations. Technologies produce huge revolutions in office designs, and organizations strive to develop office designs that meet complex corporate needs. Unfortunately, no t all designs are equally effective. Designers and architects must take into consideration companies’ present and future business models. Only participatory designs, which involve employees in the process of creating and implementing computer-based workplace systems, can guarantee that office designs fit in the conditions and circumstances of workplace performance and help to improve employee productivity in the workplace. References Griscom, J. (2009). How telecommunications is changing work for nonprofits. TechSoup.  Retrieved from https://www.techsoup.org/support/articles-and-how-tos/how-telecommunications-is-changing-work Johansson, M., Frost, P., Brandt, E., Binder, T. Messeter, J. (2002). Partner engaged design: new challenges for workplace design. PDC 02, Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference, 23-25 June, 162-172. Kensing, F. Blomberg, J. (1998). Participatory design: Issues and concerns. Computer  Supported Cooperative Work, 7, 167-185.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lagace, M. (2003). Stuck in gear: Why managers don’t act. Harvard Business School  Working Knowledge. Retrieved from https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/stuck-in-gear-why-managers-dont-act Wallace, M.C. (2000). Complexity of new office designs: Thinking through your future workplace. Searcher, 8(10). Retrieved from http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/nov00/wallace.htm This essay on New Workplace Designs was written and submitted by user Jean Grey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

WAR And PEACE And How It Effected The World Essay Example For Students

WAR And PEACE And How It Effected The World Essay If your computer starts up in the 24 bit version of the game with fuzzylooking graphics, try re-selecting the screen mode from the F11 menu. Thisshould cure this problem. High colour GTA uses a built-in version of the univbe display driver toprovide its multitude of 15, 16 and 32-bit display modes. If your video cardis not recognised by the univbe check, or if you change your video card andthe check does not update to it, try running uvconfig.exe in the gtadosdirectory. If that doesnt work, try running 24-bit GTA by typinggta24 -nounivbe in the gtados directory. This will cause it to skip univbeand use your video cards native drivers instead. Alternatively, get hold ofthe latest version of univbe from SciTech Software, and run it as a TSR beforerunning GTA. We will write a custom essay on WAR And PEACE And How It Effected The World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Windows Drivers ( Grand Theft Auto DirectX )GTA DirectX will only work correctly if you have the latest Windows 95 DirectX Microsoft-certified driver for your video card. Your video card vendorshould be able to supply this. Some of the latest versions of drivers will allow the use ofHigh colour / Low resolution screen modes (recommended). An example of thisis the Matrox Millenium. Gravis UltrasoundThe DOS version of GTA, run under Windows 95, will not play anysound effects with an Ultrasound, UNLESS you shut down windows into MS-DOSmode, or change the PIF from DOS-Box to MS-DOS mode. DOS Version CD Sound-To allow CD audio to play on the DOS version of GTA, when run under abootable version of DOS, make sure that you have the MSCDEX driver loaded. On a Windows 95 machine, if you play the DOS version through Windows, orin a DOS box, you should get CD audio. Sidewinder Control Pad In DOS GTAThe Microsoft Sidewinder pad is not compatible with DOS GTA. However, itcan be used with Windows (DirectX) GTA. Voodoo Graphics (3Dfx) Users-GTA supports 3Dfx Glide 2.42 and higher. Voodoo Graphics users must havethis updated version of Glide installed on their system. To install theupdated Glide runtime driver kit, run the grtvgr.exe file in the 3Dfxfolder of the GTA CD. Note that we recommend 32MB of RAM to run 3DFX GTA. EMM386 (DOS)In DOS 6.22, If you have the line DEVICE=C:DOSEMM386.EXE in your CONFIG.SYS,play GTA, quit then press Ctrl-Alt-Del to reset the machine, you may findthat the keyboard does not respond any more. Book Reports

Difference Between a Chemical Reaction and the Equation

Difference Between a Chemical Reaction and the Equation What is the difference between a chemical reaction and the chemical equation? The terms are often used interchangeably, but they are technically different terms. A chemical reaction is a process that occurs when one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances. For example: Hydrogen and oxygen gas combine to produce water.Sodium chloride (table salt) dissociates in water to form sodium and chlorine ions.Methane combusts in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, heat, and water. A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Atomic symbols are used to represent the elements that take part in a reaction. Numbers are used to represent the ratios of reactants and products to produce the reaction and arrows point the direction a reaction occurs where the arrow points from reactants to products. For example, using for the above chemical reactions: 2 H2(g) O2(g) → 2 H2O(ℓ)This chemical equation reads: Two hydrogen gas molecules and one oxygen gas molecule produce two molecules of water.NaCl(s) H2O → Na(aq) Cl-(aq)One molecule of sodium chloride dissociates in water into one sodium ion and one chlorine ion.CH4 2 O2 → CO2 2 H2O (DeltaH -891 kJ/mol)This equation shows one methane molecule and two oxygen gas molecules form a carbon dioxide molecule, two water molecules and release 891 kilojoules of heat. To review:Chemical reactions are processes where reactants become new products.Chemical equations are a symbolic representation of chemical reactions.

ESSAY PORTION OF THE FINAL EXAMINATION Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PORTION OF THE FINAL EXAMINATION - Essay Example In this case, it is very obvious that Clooney had neither informed Pittson of her intention to post his grades to fulosers.com, nor obtained Pittson’s consent on the same. In this same vein, Pittson’s grievances meet the threshold for a full fledged legal case because FERPA applies to educational institutions and agencies that are funded under programs that are run by the US Department of Education and as such, are publicly owned. It is clear that Fargo University as the institution in which the plaintiff learns and the defendant lectures is a state-owned university. The binding of state-owned learning institutions under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act is well enshrined by the US Constitution in the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), Public Law 79-404, Stat. 237 of June 11th, 1946. The APA Act governs the manner in which administrative agencies of the US federal government should establish, propose and observe regulations. It is therefore important that w hen Professor Clooney was posting students’ and Pittson’s grades online, she did so, knowing that she is a member of a public institution, and thereby bound by the FERPA Act and all other acts that govern the running of state-owned institutions, courtesy of the APA Act. Conversely, even the defendant’s claim of ignorance to this fact may not stand in the court of law, since ignorance is no defense in the court of law. That the threshold for this case is widely met is a matter that is underscored by FERPA including the divulging of information on a student’s behavior, status and even school work. FERPA stipulates that before posting a student’s behavior, status, school work or grades, permission must be obtained from an eligible student or the student’s parents, in order to release such information from any student’s education records. By eligibility, it is meant that the student must have been the subject or person of the information being posted; be of a sound mind; and have attained the legal age. In the event that the student does not meet this threshold, contacting that student’s parents for permission becomes inevitable. It is clear that Cooper did not follow these steps but arbitrarily posted Pittson’s grades to a public forum (Mayers, Mawer and Price, 23). It is also important to note that FERPA clearly accords students above the age of 18 and 18 year old students, and students who have enrolled in any post-secondary learning institution, the right to privacy as touching grades, billing information and enrollment. The only exception to this provision is when the school or its officer(s) obtains permission from the student to share this kind of specific information with the parents. This also clearly underscores the sustainability of the case before the court of law, given that Professor Clooney sought not, informed consent from Pittson, despite Pittson having attained 18 years and being a po st-secondary student, particularly, a university. FERPA also adjures faculty members to maintain confidentiality of students’ educational records, as the custodian of students’ academic database. It is for this reason that FERPA specifies that faculty members and the personnel of learning institutions must not post, display or publish lists of students’ grades, in personally identifiable forms, either in electronic form, or in hard copy. This provision goes ahead to state

Comparative Corporate Governance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Comparative Corporate Governance - Coursework Example deal with mergers and acquisitions and will further strengthen the differences that exist between US and UK takeover activities. The directors of target corporations in U.S. can make use of the available takeover defences to shift the hostile offers within the procedures of a conciliated acquisition that creates greater power for negotiation allowing the board to optimize the value of shareholders within M&A transactions. While the process of conciliation is on, the directors have the power to consolidate provisions within the M&A agreement under the deal protection measure, that goes on to elevate the prices and premium rates for the shareholders. Therefore, we find that in case of US target corporation as per the extensive rules established under the Delaware General Corporation Law and the Delaware common law the ultimate authority and power is wielded by the board of directors in case of selling the company. However, the board of directors in U.K. target corporations do not have similar powers to transfer the offers into the process of conciliation. Instead, in this case the takeover defences are face strict prohibition order in UK and the recent amendments made to the takeover code by the Panel impedes the use of any kind of deal protection measures. Therefore, by removing the deal protection measures and the takeover defences, the takeover code largely curbs the board’s power of negotiation. This article will examine the various differences that exist in the regulation of takeover defences in the UK and the US and how they reflect the different approaches taken in the UK and the US to the balance of  power between the board of directors and the shareholder body. Discussion Antitakeover disposition... From the research it can be comprehended that antitakeover disposition used by target firms are defence measures adopted to avoid unwarranted hostile tenders presented by any future bidders. Some of the defence measures are used as pre-emptive strategies (in anticipation of future negotiation), while there are also a wide spectrum of complaisant defences available to organisations that find themselves as potential targets after the negotiations. Besides these, the defence strategies and the manner by which they can be employed differ widely between US (especially under Delaware law), and UK. As per the Delaware law while defending against a hostile takeover the directors of the target company may apply their ‘business judgment rule’ where they are allowed to show that after showing â€Å"good faith and reasonable investigation,† they felt a threat to the present policies of the corporation. Furthermore as per the awarded sentence in the case Unocal Corp v Mesa Pet roleum Co, a judiciary review of any defensive takeover strategies looks towards whether the threat mentioned by the directors were viewed reasonably, and if the defensive strategies applied were feasible to the posed threat. In UK however, in direct contrast, the use of takeover defences to ward off hostile takeovers is restricted largely by the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers and make sit necessary that there is shareholder approval before the defensive strategies are exercised.

Destination Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Destination Marketing - Essay Example Definition of Destination Marketing The term ‘destination marketing’ can be defined as one of the innovative strategies in order to get an edge over other competitive destinations. It can be revealed that marketing the destination of the tourist should tend to complement with the strategic objectives of the stakeholders as well as the sustainability of the local resources. It is worth mentioning that the destinations need to develop innovative strategies and make their products distinct from those of their competitors by conducting research so that they can make and display the unique value. Destinations can as well expand partnership with various public as well as private sectors at various levels of the destination management so that they can stimulate the delivery mechanism quite promptly and effectively. It can further be argued that with the advancement of technology such as web-based promotional measures, the competition becomes more pronounced by enhancing visibil ity, reducing the cost as well as increasing the local co-operation. Therefore, tourism marketing can be envisioned as one of the important steps in the direction of ensuring optimisation of the impacts that tourism has and in the achievement of the stakeholder’s strategic objectives. It is worth mentioning that the destination marketing must be formed in connection to the western business model in order to lookout for the greater interest of the destinations and the stakeholders who are directly or indirectly associated with the task of promotion and development of the destinations (Swain, n.d.). The destination marketing can be considered as being an essential part of mounting as well as increasing the popularity of the particular location. It has been apparent that several times the tourist planners pay more attention towards the development of the tourism while focusing less on retaining and preserving the attributes attracting the travellers towards the destinations. Mor eover, the tourism destinations are quite difficult ‘products’ to market which makes use of huge number of the stakeholders. The other thing which is worth mentioning in this regards is that the destination manager has less control over the brand image. The level of complexity as well as diversity has been well known by the tourism planners which make the brand development a difficult and cumbersome task for the national, local and regional tourism organisations. The destination marketing involves attention of the tourist-related organisations towards the destinations. The stakeholders face challenges in developing a coherent theme for the destination brands. Due to the cut throat competition, the key to the success of business is building and maintenance of the brand values. There has been a shift of brand management from peripheral marketing concern to the core business strategy (Ana, 2004). Development History of Destination Marketing The history of destination marke ting can be traced back to nineteenth century in the USA. It was the time when meetings and conventions were attracted. The formal commencement of the US

Analysis of the Global Steel Industry

Analysis of the Global Steel Industry Steel Industry is a booming industry in the whole world. The increasing demand for it was mainly generated by the development projects that have been going on along the world, especially the infrastructural works and real estate projects that has been on the boom around the developing countries. The Asian countries have their respective dominance in the production of the steel all over the world. India being one among the fastest growing economies of the world has been considered as one of the potential global steel hub internationally. Over the years, particularly after the adoption of the liberalization policies all over the world, the World steel industry is growing very fast. Steel Industry was till recently dominated by the United Sates of America but this scenario is changing with a rapid pace with the Indian steel companies on an acquisition spree. In the last one year, the world has seen two big MA deals to take place:- The Mittal Steel, listed in Holland, has acquired the worlds largest steel company called Arcelor Steel to become the worlds largest producer of Steel named Arcelor-Mittal. Tata Steel of India or TISCO (as listed in BSE) has acquired the worlds fifth largest steel company, Corus, with the highest ever stock price. It has been observed that Steel Industry has grown tremendously in the last one and a half decade with a strong financial condition. The increasing need of steel by the developing countries for its infrastructural projects has pushed the companies in this industry near their operative capacity. The most significant growth that can be seen in the Steel Industry has been observed during the period 1960 to 1974 when the consumption of steel around the whole world doubled. Between these years, the rate at which the Steel Industry grew has been recorded to be 5.5 %. This roaring market saw a phase of deceleration from the year 1975 which continued till 1982. After this period, the continuous fall slowed down and again started its upward movement from the early 1990s. Steel Industry is becoming more and more competitive with every passing day. During the period 1960s to late 1980s, the steel market used to be dominated by OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countri es. But with the fast emergence of developing countries like China, India and South Korea in this sector has led to slipping market share of OECD countries. The balance of trade line is also tilting towards these countries. The main demand creators for Steel Industry are Automobile industry, Construction Industry, Infrastructure Industry, Oil and Gas Industry, and Container Industry. New innovations are also taking place in Steel Industry for cost minimization and at the same time production maximization. Some of the cutting edge technologies that are being implemented in this industry are thin-slab casting, making of steel through the use of electric furnace, vacuum degassing, etc. The Steel Industry has enough potential to grow at a much accelerated pace in the coming future due to the continuity of the developmental projects around the world. This industry is at present working near its productive capacity which needs to be increased with increasing demand. STEEL GLOBAL SCENARIO The biggest boom in history of steel industry is that of the 1950s and 1960s, when the steel industry was driven by the post-War boom in the developed world. Where as the current boom is being led by growth in the developing world, particularly China, India and Brazil. Indeed, the China factor is huge and gives the impression that the boom has a broader basis than it actually has. In 2005, China produced 349 million tonnes of crude steel, accounting for almost one-third of the global steel output. Even this was not enough to feed the countrys appetite for growth. It was the biggest importer of steel and the sixth biggest exporter of steel in the world; in 2005, its net imports amounted to 12 million tonnes and its consumption of steel also amounted to a little less than one-third of the world consumption. China is clearly the engine that has driven steel consumption in the Asian region. Its consumption, as a percentage of the total consumption in Asia, increased from 41 per cent in 1 999 to 57 per cent in 2005. Steel prices, primarily buoyed by the Chinese boom, hit their peak between 2002 and 2004. This ensured high profits from investments in steel. Despite the moves towards consolidation, steel capacities are still fragmented. The gap between Arcelor-Mittal and Nippon Steel, the second biggest producer, highlights this. Nippon produced 32 million tonnes of steel in 2005 less than one-third that of the industry leader. More significantly, although the Tata-Corus combine will be placed at number five in the global steel pecking order, its capacity would still not be very far ahead of most companies in the top 15. This implies that under the threat of further consolidation the Tatas may well come under pressure to acquire more capacities from rivals or expose themselves to attack from aggressive bidders. The point about consolidation is that it is only happening at the top. The top 10 companies produce about 25 per cent of the global steel output. The rest of the steel about 75 per cent of the global capacity is still widely dispersed over 62 countries around the world, in plants with much smaller capacities. Industry sources say that consolidation needs to happen at the bottom end of the steel market. The smaller producers, rather than the bigger ones, affect the market more, said a senior official in the Ministry of Steel and Mines. The pressure building up at the bottom can result in the bigger producers losing control of the market suddenly and quickly. In the year 2004, the global steel production has made a record level by crossing the 1000 million tones. Among the top producers in the steel production, China ranked 1 in the world. Production of steel in the 25 European Union countries was at 16.3 mmt in January 2005. Production in Italy increased by 11.5 per cent in comparison to the same month in 2004. Italy produced 2.5 mmt of crude steel in January 2005. Austria produced 646,000 metric tones. In Russia it increased by 4.0 per cent to reach at 5.5 mmt in January. In case of the North America region particularly in Mexico it was 1.5 mmt of crude steel in January 2005, up by 8.0 per cent compared to the same month in 2004. Production in the United States was 8.3 mmt. Brazil had produced 2.6 mmt of crude steel in January 2005. In South America region it was 3.7 mmt for January 2005 INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY Post liberalisation Steel industry reforms particularly in 1991 and 1992 have led to strong and sustainable growth in Indias steel industry. Since its independence, India has experienced steady growth in the steel industry, successive governments that have supported the industry and pushed for its robust development. Further illustrating this plan is the fact that a number of steel plants were established in India, with technological assistance and investments by foreign countries. In 1991, a substantial number of economic reforms were introduced by the Indian government. These reforms boosted the development process of a number of industries the steel industry in India in particular which has subsequently developed quite rapidly. The 1991 reforms allowed for no licenses to be required for capacity creation, except for some locations. Also, once Indias steel industry was moved from the listing of the industries that were reserved exclusively for the public sector, huge foreign investments were made in this industry. Yet another reform for Indias steel industry came in 1992, when every type of control over the pricing and distribution system was removed, making the modern Indian Steel Industry extremely efficient, as well as competitive. Additionally, a number of other government measures have stimulated the growth of the steel industry, coming in the form of an unrestricted external trade, low import duties, and an easy tax structure. India continually posts phenomenal growth records in steel production. In 1992, India produced 14.33 million tones of finished carbon steels and 1.59 million tones of pig iron. Furthermore, the steel production capacity of the country has increased rapidly since 1991. In 2008, India produced nearly 46.575 million tones of finished steels and 4.393 million tones of pig iron. Both primary and secondary producers contributed their share to this phenomenal development, while these increases have pushed up the demand for finished steel at a very stable rate. In 1992, the total consumption of finished steel was 14.84 million tones. In 2008, the total amount of domestic steel consumption was 43.925 million tones. With the increased demand in the national market, a huge part of the international market is also served by this industry. Today, India is in seventh position among all the crude steel producing countries. THE Indian steel industry, in line with global trends, is at a crossroads, witnessing a resurgent phase of modernisation, expansion and consolidation, mainly through mergers and acquisitions. A sector that was moribund just about five years ago because of a worldwide slump in steel prices, the industry has turned the corner and has in fact been vibrant over the past two years. Domestic steel companies, both public and private, are surging ahead on the strength of an unprecedented buoyancy in the economy and the resultant boom in real estate and various infrastructure sectors such as roads and highways, ports and airports. The official figures speak for themselves. Powered by an increased demand for steel from neighbouring China, which has been clocking a 15 per cent sectoral growth annually on account of construction projects in preparation for the Olympics, the steel industry in India has grown by about 10 per cent in the past two years, compared with the global growth rate of about 6 per cent a year. The countrys production of crude steel in 2005-06 stood at 42.1 million tonnes, reflecting an increase of 7.1 per cent over the previous fiscal. On the other hand, the consumption of steel during the year was pegged at 41.43 million tonnes, a massive growth of 13.88 per cent when compared with the 2004-05 figures. Likewise, the production of sponge iron also increased sharply by 25 per cent, from about 10.3 million tonnes in 2004-05 to 12.9 million tonnes in 2005-06. Currently, India is the largest sponge iron producer in the world and ranks seventh among steel-producing countries. The growth in domestic steel consumption is, by and large, in keeping with the International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI) forecast of a 10 per cent increase in steel use in 2006. While the IISI has projected the global demand for steel to grow by 4.9 per cent in the medium term up to 2010, it has pegged its forecast for the 2010-15 period at 4.2 per cent annually for the entire world. The IISI says India will lead the consumption growth story with an annual demand of 7.7 per cent, followed by China with 6.2 per cent. More heartening is the indication that the exciting phase in the domestic steel industry is expected to continue for the next five to seven years at the least, in terms of both consumption and production. Already, the growth in steel consumption, as projected by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government in the National Steel Policy (NSP) formulated in 2005, stands exceeded by a huge margin. The NSP had conservatively estimated the countrys steel production to grow by 7.3 per cent, with an annual consumption growth of 6.9 per cent. Considering that the past two years have already witnessed a demand growth of over 10 per cent, the government expects the healthy trend to continue during the Eleventh Plan period (2007-12), provided an annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 9 per cent is achieved during the period as projected by the Planning Commission. Clearly, for primary steel producers, India is the place to be in as it has the greatest growth potential. There are two other major factors. One, India is bestowed with the largest reserves of high-quality iron ore in the world. Secondly, the annual per capita consumption of steel in the country is still one of the lowest in the world, at 35 kilograms against the global benchmark of 250-400 kg. In effect, the growth story in India is here to stay for quite a few decades in view of the sheer disparity in consumption l evels. The three ore-rich States Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh threw open their doors, steel-makers of all hues jumped into the fray to sign memoranda of understanding (MoUs) with more than one State government. In all, more than 116 MoUs have already been inked, pledging a total investment of a whopping Rs.3, 57,344 crores in the coming years. If all the pledges materialise, the countrys installed steel production capacity will surge to anywhere between 150 million and 180 million tonnes by 2014-15, compared with the conservative NSP target of 110 million tonnes by 2019-20. Orissa signed 43 MoUs to hike its production capacity to 58.04 million tonnes. Not to be left behind, Chhattisgarh entered into 42 MoUs to augment its steel capacity to 19.32 million tonnes, while Jharkhand signed 31 MoUs to increase its capacity to 68.67 million tonnes. The extensive availability of rich iron ore the basic raw material for steel-making in the three States has attracted big global names too who, at the outset, made it clear that they would require captive iron ore mines to feed their greenfield steel projects. Initially, it was the home-grown Tata Steel that signed a MoU with the Orissa government, in November 2004 for setting up a six-million-tonne plant at an estimated cost of Rs.15, 400 crores after the government made a commitment that its ore requirement of 250 million tonnes for a period of 25 years would be met. Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO), the South Korean major and the third largest global steel producer, approached the Orissa government, the terms turned out to be far sweeter. Under the MoU signed in June 2005, POSCO plans to set up a 12-million-tonne plant at Paradeep, with an investment of Rs.51, 000 crores. The initial proposal was for a 10-million-tonne plant, but there is a catch here. The government has committed itself not only to providing 600 million tonnes of ore on a captive basis for a period of 30 years but also allowing POSCO to export the quality domestic ore for use in its steel plants in Korea. It has demanded the raw material from mines in Sundergarh a nd Keonjhar districts. Lakshmi N. Mittal, the non-resident Indian (NRI) tycoon and the worlds biggest steel-maker following the merger of Mittal Steels with the Luxembourg-based Arcelor in June last year, did still better. He put Jharkhand and Orissa in competition by proposing a steel venture in either State, depending upon the terms and incentives and the swiftness in approvals. Jharkhand lost out owing to litigation over its Chiria ore mines and for other reasons to Orissa, which signed an MoU with Mittal-Arcelor in December last year for a 12-million-tonne steel plant at Keonjhar. The state-owned Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) also undertook a major exercise to retain its position as the leading integrated steel producer in the country. The steel behemoth announced its `Corporate Plan-2012, envisaging an outlay of Rs.37, 000 crores to upgrade its plants and modernise its operations. Under the plan, expansion programmes are under way in various SAIL units to enhance the total production capacity to 22.9 million tonnes of hot metal from the present 12.5 million tonnes by 2011-12. Late last year, following the merger of IISCO with SAIL, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone for the modernisation and expansion of ISP (IISCO steel plant) with an investment of Rs.9, 592 crores. Mergers of a few more state-owned units with SAIL are on the cards with a view to consolidating public sector share in the steel market. The other public sector steel enterprise, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. (RINL), is already in the process of implementing an ambitious expansion programme for increasing its liquid steel capacity from the current three million tonnes to 6.3 million tonnes at an estimated cost of Rs.8, 692 crores. Launched on May 20, 2006, the project is scheduled for completion by 2008-09. Needless to say, the demand for iron ore has surged in view of the long-term supply commitments being given by the State governments at a time when the international market prices for the raw material are at a high. The government set up a committee under the Planning Commission, headed by Anwarul Hoda, to recommend changes in the National Mineral Policy. The existing policy permits free exports of iron ore with a ferrous content of less than 64 per cent. For exports of high-grade ore with higher ferrous content, a license is required and is currently canalised through the Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation (MMTC). The Hoda Committee recommended free exports of iron ore with a ferrous content of less than 65 per cent but advocated discontinuation of the existing regime of canalisation and export licensing for the high-grade ore. Instead, the panel suggested free exports of quality ore lumps with ferrous content of more than 65 per cent on payment of an export duty. TATA STEEL Tata Steel, formerly known as TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited), is the worlds fifth largest and Indias largest steel company, with an annual crude steel capacity of 28 million tonnes. Ranked 315th on Fortune Global 500, it is based in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. It is part of Tata Group of companies. Tata Steel is also Indias second-largest and second-most profitable company in private sector with consolidated revenues of Rs 1, 32,110 crores and net profit of over Rs 12,350 crores during the year ended March 31, 2008. Its main plant is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, with its recent acquisitions; the company has become a multinational with operations in various countries. In 2000, the company was recognised as the worlds lowest-cost producer of steel. The company was also recognized as the worlds best steel producer by World Steel Dynamics in 2005. The company is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India, and employs about 82,700 people (as o f 2008). On 2nd April, 2007, the Company completed the acquisition of Corus Group plc, Steel Company headquartered at UK for an Enterprise Value of USD 14.7 billion. Post the acquisition of Corus, Tata Steel Group is now the worlds 6th largest steel company with current steel deliveries of 32 million tonnes. Set up as Asias first integrated steel plant and Indias largest integrated private sector steel company, a century ago, it is now the worlds second most geographically diversified steel producer, with operations in 24 countries and commercial presence in over 50 countries. The Jamshedpur operations in India is increasing its capacity from 5 mtpa to 10 mtpa by end 2010 and the Company has also signed MoUs to set up four greenfield steel projects in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh in India and one in Vietnam. Few years back, Tata Steel embarked on a journey to pursue Growth and Globalisation through organic and inorganic strategy to increase its capacity in excess of 50 mtpa by 2015. The Company identified several strategic levers including building a stronger base in India, acquisitions in both growing and developed markets, strategic investments in raw material assets and focus on branding. TATA STEEL VISION MISSION STATEMENT Vision We aspire to be the global steel industry benchmark for Value Creation and Corporate Citizenship We make the difference through: Our people, by fostering team work, nurturing talent, enhancing leadership capability and acting with pace, pride and passion. Our offer, by becoming the supplier of choice, delivering premium products and services, and creating value with our customers. Our innovative approach, by developing leading edge solutions in technology, processes and products. Our conduct, by providing a safe working place, respecting the environment, caring for our communities and demonstrating high ethical standards. Mission statement Achieve sustainable, profitable growth in steel and related businesses. Create differential value for our customers through innovative offerings. Continuous improvement of business processes and technologies. Foster partnership with key stake holders. Enhance employees competencies to create a high performing and innovative organization. Be a responsible corporate citizen and enhance the quality of life of employees and key community. TATA STEEL FUTURE STRATEGIES Currently, the global steel industry is going through unprecedented times. The steel demand is strong with over 6% growth year on year over the last seven years unseen in the last several decades, primarily driven by robust growth in China, India, South East Asia, Middle East, Russia and Brazil. The iron ore and coking coal prices are at a record high both due to insufficient capacity creation for these and the heavy consolidation of minerals companies. Oil prices and ocean freight rates are at an all time high. The combined effect of all these have driven steel prices to a level higher than ever before though there is increasing pressure on margins of steel companies due to very high input costs. The new scenario both external, due to high raw material and freight costs and internal, called for a new Vision, strategies and action plans. The Company has co-created a shared Vision with its employees of becoming a global benchmark in Value Creation and Corporate Citizenship. Company has set goals for 2012 in terms of Returns on Invested Capital, Safety, Carbon dioxide emissions and of becoming the employer of choice in the industry. The integration with Corus is proceeding smoothly and is yielding better than the predicted results. Continuous improvement projects are being given focus in all companies sites and businesses. Greenfield projects in India are progressing, though somewhat slower than planned. Companys effort to enhance their raw material security has yielded positive results in Ivory Coast for iron ore, in Mozambique for coal and in Oman for limestone. There is greater emphasis on safety. They have well laid out plans to reduce CO2 emissions to benchmark levels. The Tata Steel Group will pursue strategic growth through capacity expansions and securing access to raw materials. The Group is expanding its capacity in India through the expansion of its operations in Jamshedpur to 10 million tonnes per annum and through the construction of a 6 million tonnes per annum greenfield site in Orissa. Other Greenfield opportunities in India and across Asia are being assessed. The Group is also looking at further integration upstream in raw materials with an ambition to achieve 100% self-sufficiency in India and around 50% self-sufficiency in Europe over time. Agreements for the exploration of iron ore in the Ivory Coast, coal in Mozambique and limestone in Oman have already been signed and opportunities are under review in India to support the Indian Greenfield projects; and in Africa and South America, primarily to support its European steelmaking assets Climate change is probably the biggest challenge ever to confront the steel industry. In response to this challenge, the Tata Steel Group will be part of the solution and is committed to minimising the environmental impact of its operations and its products. It has a goal to reduce its CO2 footprint by at least 20% by 2020 compared to 1990. To meet this objective, the Group will, for example, continue to improve its current processes, invest in breakthrough technologies and develop new products and services that reduce the environmental impact over the product lifecycle. To improve its processes, priority is given to energy conservation schemes; in technology break-through such as Ultra Low Carbon Steel making and in other innovative projects where the Group has proprietary technology. TATA STEEL SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS Tata Steels Indian operations are self-sufficient in the case of its major raw material iron ore through its captive mines. Very advanced Research and Development wing which is carrying out researches and experiments in the areas of raw materials, blast furnace productivity, steel making, product development, process improvement etc. Several thrust area projects were taken up Tata had a strong retail and distribution network in India and SE Asia. Tata was a major supplier to the Indian auto industry and the demand for value added steel products was growing in this market. The Company is on its way to reach a crude steel capacity of 10 million tonnes per annum by FY 2011. The first phase of reaching the crude steel capacity of 6.8 million tonnes per annum, Brown field projects, is nearing completion The Company has in place adequate internal control systems and procedures commensurate with the size and nature of its business. The effectiveness of the internal controls is continuously monitored by the Corporate Audit Division of the Company. Corporate Audits main objective is to provide to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors, an independent, objective and reasonable assurance of the adequacy and effectiveness of the organisations risk management, control and governance processes. Corporate Audit also assesses opportunities for improvement in business processes, systems controls and may provide recommendations, designed to add-value to the organisation. It also follows up on the implementation of corrective actions and improvements in business processes after review by the Audit Committee and Senior Management Tata Steel has been on a path of accelerated growth with foray into several geographies and markets through aggressive mergers and acquisitions. Tata Steel now is in the process of implementing a structured approach in risk management called Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). The key objectives of the Company through ERM are : To enshrine the process of ERM as a usual Business Process and integrate into all decision making and planning processes. To ensure that all levels of Management identify and monitor risks through a properly defined framework. To provide periodic information and updates to the Board and the Shareholders on the significant risks and the ways of mitigating the same. Tata Steel addresses the risk of cyclicality of the Steel industry by marinating rich product mix and higher value added products whose volatility is lower. Moreover, the industry itself has been undergoing some structural changes with Consolidations. These changes are expected to bring in greater stability to prices. Tata Steel with its modernisation plans has ensured that it deploys the best technologies to ensure quality, cost-efficiency and environment-friendly processes. Through acquisition of Corus and with new Greenfield ventures, Tata Steel has ensured that it has diversified the concentration risk in single technology of Iron Steel making WEAKNESS Endemic Deficiencies These are inherent in the quality and availability of some of the essential raw materials available in India, eg, high ash content of indigenous coking coal adversely affecting the productive efficiency of iron-making and is generally imported. Advantages of high Fe content of indigenous ore are often neutralized by high basicity index. Besides, certain key ingredients of steel making, eg, nickel, Ferro-molybdenum are also unavailable indigenously. India is deficient in raw materials required by the steel industry. Iron ore deposits are finite and there are problems in mining sufficient amounts of it. Indias hard coal deposits are of low quality and the prices of coking and non-coking coal are ever increasing Raw materials for steel production are rapidly depleting and are non renewable, company has to come up with sustainable methods in steel production. Steel production in India is also hampered by power shortages. Insufficient freight capacity and transport infrastructure impediments too hamper the growth of Indian steel industry. Low Labour Productivity In India the advantages of cheap labour get offset by low labour productivity; eg, at comparable capacities labour productivity of SAIL and TISCO are 75 t/manyear and 100 t/manyear, for POSCO, Korea and NIPPON, Japan the values are 1345 t/man year and 980 t/manyear. High Cost of Basic Inputs and Services High administered price of essential inputs like electricity puts Indian steel industry at a disadvantage; about 45% of the input costs can be attributed to the administered costs of coal, fuel and electricity, eg, cost of electricity is 3 cents in the USA as compared to 10 cents in India; and freight cost from Jamshedpur to Mumbai is $50/tonne compared to only $34 from Rotterdam to Mumbai. OPPORTUNITIES The biggest opportunity before Indian steel sector is that there is enormous scope for increasing consumption of steel in almost all sectors in India. Unexplored Rural Market The Indian rural sector remains fairly unexposed to their multi-faceted use of steel. The rural market was identified as a potential area of significant steel consumption way back in the year 1976 itself. However, forceful steps were not taken to penetrate this segment. Enhancing applications in rural areas assumes a much greater significance now for increasing per capital consumption of steel. The usage of steel in cost effective manner is possible in the area of housing, fencing, structures and other possible applications where steel can substitute other materials which not only could bring about advantages to users but is also desirable for conservation of forest resources. Excellent potential exist for enhancing steel consumption in other sectors such as automobiles, packaging, engineering industries, irrigation and water supply in India. New steel products developed to improve performance simplify manufacturing/installation and reliability is needed to enhance steel consumption in these sectors It is estimated that world steel consumption will double in next 25 years. Quality improvement of Indian steel combined with its low cost advantages will definitely help in substantial gain in export market. The Tata Steel Group is leveraging the Groups collective Research and Development experience in the Groups various geographies to further enhance the Groups performance and also the integration process. Corus acquisition bring in a tremendous technological advantage by access to best practices in global steel industry Global MA brought in following synergies Greater productivity leading to increased output and market size. Greater economies of scale leading to cost reduction through combined buying Cross fertilisation of Research and Development capabilities and operational best practices, leading to greater innovation and operational efficiencies. Booming infrastructure has opened up high demand for steel worldwide THREATS In the developed world, industries have been facing rising environmental costs due to the increased concerns on Global Warming. It is, therefore, a challenge and responsibility for the Steel industry to be the trustee in conservation of nature for future generations It is recognised that the steel and aluminium industries are significant contributors to man-made greenhouse gas emissions as the manufacture of steel produces carbon dioxide (CO2), and th

The Definition of Private Essay example -- Definition Essays

The Definition of Private Anyone who has ever received one of those pesky telemarketer phone calls during dinner most likely understands the idea of a private phone number. No one likes to have their phone line invaded by paid phone operators who just want your money. Working long and hard on a group presentation regarding technology threatening/improving privacy, one can realize that the word private has several different connotations and meanings. Yet, when generally facing the word, it usually means the opposite of public. Looking at An American Dictionary of the English Language, private is noted as something unconnected with others, and even sequestered from company or observation. Therefore, this could be something that was taken away, or just something that stands unaccompanied. The word private is often linked to the word alone. A private beach house, for example, is located in an area on the beach where no one else resides. While these definitions further distinguish things which are private from those which are public, Dictionary.com explains private as something...

The Summary of Debi Gerger’s Article

The article of Debi Gerger (2008), RDH, MPH, entitled ‘Xylitol several times a day†¦ may help keep caries away! ’ states that xylitol which is commercially available as a noncariogenic sugar substitute has the potential to reduce caries rates by preventing Mutans Streptococci growth. Gerger also mentions that to perform a caries risk assessment, pathological, risk factors and protective factors of caries must be first determined. After determining such factors, the next procedure would be determining the patient’s caries risk level.There are two approaches to determine risk levels including the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry’s Carries-Risk Assessment Tool (CAT) and the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA). According to Gerger’s article, managing dental carries include at-home and in-office recommendations. The at-home recommendations include daily oral hygiene with fluoride-containing toothpaste, mouth rinsing, drinking water, antibacterials and Xylitol-containing products.The in-office recommendations include dental procedures done by dental hygienists and dentist. In addition, Gerger’s article also mentioned that 25% of American children aged 2 to 5, and half of 12% of the ages 12 to 15 have tooth decay. He also mentions that tooth decay is highly infectious at any age bracket. Gerger states that Caries management with the use of xylitol decreases the amount of MS and raises the salivary pH level because MS is unable to metabolize xylitol and xylitol inhibits the attachment of MS to teeth.It is also said that xylitol is effective in preventing the transmission of the Mutans Streptococci frome parent to child (2008). Xylitol has been used since the early 1960s through infusion therapy and diabetic foods. It is a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from forest and agricultural materials. Finnish researches are the first one to recognize its dental health benefits. Xylitol is commercially available in many forms which have different xylitol doses.For this reason, the patient is advised to check the xylitol content of a product to determine the needed dose to be taken (Gerger, 2008). Gerger argues that xylitol is a major addition to the treatment of caries. She proposes that considering the caries balance concept is vital to determine the appropriate recommendations. She also asserts that the prevention of the caries will be obtained by providing proper education by clinicians to their patients and producing xylitol-containing products.

The Rise and Falls to Modern Medicine essays

The Rise and Falls to Modern Medicine essays In "the Miller's Tale", Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the parish priest assistant Absolon and his sexual interests in Allison, the miller's daughter. In addition to his "religious" duties, he also had obligations in hair cutting. He could "laten" blood, shave, and "clippe". This latter term fives rise to the medical treatment bleeding which was performed by most barbers of that era. After the disappearance of medicine during the Dark Ages, a new knowledge surfaced throughout the medical community. During these times there were a great many scientific breakthroughs. The findings of William Harvey proved that blood traveled through veins away from the heart. Claudius Galen, a renowned physician and philosopher, succeeded in explaining the function of nerves, brain structures, and some physiological tendencies of the body. However, he also contributed to the hindrance of medical advancement. He performed dissections on the human body to better his understanding as a physician. His only knowledge of the human anatomy was from that of animals; therefore, the public or medical community did not accept his studies. His incompetence slowed medical process for along time; thus, hie teaching were politely shoved aside so that physicians could "search for a scientific basis for medical knowledge." This new direction of medical practices still held onto some of the old med ieval ways. Other than cutting hair, barbers were surgeons attending to small wounds, doing minor surgery, and bleeding. People believed that bloodletting could aside in many diseases though it resulted only in the rapid spread of deaths among people with potential to recover. This renaissance uncovered many discoveries that lead to the use of modern medicine such as the stethoscope, the digestive system, serums, antitoxins, and even hypnosis. The ways in medieval times initiated some of the greatest medical advances in the world, though today's society would probably be more acce...

Papers Psychology Research

Papers Psychology Research Papers Psychology Research Papers Psychology Research: Taste of Happiness Colleges, universities, friends, parties, vacations, bright holidays first love All these pleasant and exciting things can be spoiled by papers psychology research writing. Do not let papers psychology research to become a thing, which poisons your happy college life, get rid of papers psychology research writing. We do not advise you to quit your study, we advise you to become a client of custom writing service and to free your life of the hateful papers psychology research writing. Save your health and nerves, they will be useful in your adult life. You Make a Decision! When they say is that students do not have any choice while studying, that if they have received a task to write papers psychology research proposals UK they can do nothing but write it or otherwise they will be excluded from the higher educational establishment and will loose the marvelous opportunity to build their career, they are lying to you. This is not t rue. We all always have our own choices, and students are not the exception. When they have received a task to write papers psychology research, they can either write it or order it to be written for them within our custom essay writing service. We do not provoke students not to write their papers psychology research, and do not make any propaganda of buying their papers psychology research.If a student has a desire and time to write papers psychology research on his or her own, we are ready to support such a student with all the necessary information at the subject of papers psychology research writing free of charge. Just visit our custom writing and find all the necessary material, including tips and advices of how to cope with papers psychology research writing in a successful way. By offering our servicing, we just want to help those students who do not have either opportunity or desire to write their papers psychology research on their own. If You Decide To Use Our Service s Therefore, if you are that one who prefers not to write but to buy papers psychology research, welcome to our custom writing site. If you use our servicing, you will get the guarantee of A+ grade for your papers psychology research presentation. That is why do not spoil your life with deadlines of papers psychology research presenting, buy your papers psychology research and lead a full-fledged life with all those happiness a student should taste while studying instead of torturing yourself with papers psychology research writing.

Judgement analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Judgement analysis paper - Essay Example The key message of the book is that leaders are basically assessed by the quality of judgment they make throughout their occupation. It is always thought that judgment is something that cannot be learnt rather it is advocated to evolve over time. However, Tichy and Bennis have found method to assist leaders to improve their capability to make effective judgment. They also have articulated leadership judgment as a simple and understandable procedure. Leaders at every organizational level make judgment regarding employees, strategy and crisis situation. Tichy and Bennis demonstrated the type of knowledge required in order to make successful decision and how leaders can effectively use such knowledge in order to execute the judgments (Tichy and Bennis 1-285). In the first chapter, the authors proclaimed that effective leaders not only make better decisions but they are also capable of making the appropriate judgment. Effective leaders are those who are better at entire judgment procedure that starts from observing the requirement for an appeal of judgment, to framing the organizational issues, to figuring out the serious ones and to organizing as well as stimulating the teams towards accomplishing the organizational goal. Tichy and Bennis in their book have stated that there is a framework containing three crucial areas within which every judgment are made. Among various other judgments, the decision regarding people are most critical than decisions taken regarding strategy or on any crisis situation. The authors stated that effective judgment is a procedure rather than an event. Every judgment starts when a leader identify the requirement of taking decision and frame them accordingly. The procedures of making judgment continue through e xecution and alteration phases. The authors also stressed the significance of acquiring sufficient

Personality Traits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personality Traits - Essay Example In addition, it is also true that I tend to perceive life as rosier than it is sometimes, but I do not think this is bad. On the contrary, if one willingly chooses to observe life as a unity of the good and bad, manages to focus on the good and learn from the mistakes that represent the bad, he is on the right path to a full and rich life of personal satisfaction and gratification. Aside from this, my problem solving skills have also been perfected in the sense that, unlike most people who get paralyzed when they are confronted with a difficult situation, I stop and think it through carefully. I do not waste time bothering myself with scenarios that could have been, and â€Å"if only he/she did not do it, now I would not be in this predicament.† I find this type of thinking detrimental to the process of solving the problem in question. A happy mind is a healthy mind and there is nothing that a healthy mind cannot

Latin America News Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Latin America News Review - Essay Example Cubans are portrayed as conservative people who are firmly attached to their cultures and practices. However, the young generation is embracing new and modern life. This results in a significant generation gap since the old still hold on to what they believe is their sovereignty. A country full of high economic growth potential is what Cuba portrays itself to be. Tourism is doing immensely strong with a record of 3.4 million visitors last year; the tourism sector represents only 10 percent of the economy thus it is apparent that this country has an enormous potential for economic growth. Positive returns can be seen for those who agree to leave and work elsewhere. Through an informative research conducted by Marla Dukharan (Mc Williams 2015), it is anticipated that the remittances of the Cubans working out of Cuba increases to more than 3.5 billion biannually. Cubans are appreciating involvement in small-scale trading, and this is manifested in increased small and medium enterprises such as cafes and bars (Mc Williams 2015).1 The political structure of Cuba has significantly evolved, comparing Fidel Castro regime, and the present time situation, changes such as an increase in the number of political parties are evident. Cubans feel that this is a revolution and an active political reform (Moore 2015). Previously, the country was categorized as a communist society. Critical analysis, however, portrays high levels of individual self-interest amongst the wealthy. Mc Williams, David. 2015. Irish Independent : Cuban Society Is Full Of Contradiction, Now The People Must Pick Their Part Of Change. Ireland, February 11,

Dont Change the World Essay Example for Free

Dont Change the World Essay Once upon a time, there was a king who ruled a prosperous country. One day, he went for a trip to some distant areas of his country. When he was back to his palace, he complained that his feet were very painful, because it was the first time that he went for such a long trip, and the road that he went through was very rough and stony. He then ordered his people to cover every road of the entire country with leather. Definitely, this would need thousands of cows’ skin, and would cost a huge amount of money. Then one of his wise servants dared himself to tell the king, â€Å"Why do you have to spend that unnecessary amount of money? Why don’t you just cut a little piece of leather to cover your feet?†The king was surprised, but he later agreed to his suggestion, to make a â€Å"shoe† for himself.There is actually a valuable lesson of life in this story: to make this world a happy place to live, you better change yourself your heart; and not the world. The Travelers and the Plane Tree Two men were walking along one summer day. Soon it became too hot to go any further and, seeing a large plane tree nearby, they threw themselves on the ground to rest in its shade.Gazing up into the branches one man said to the other: â€Å"What a useless tree this is. It does not have fruit or nuts that we can eat and we cannot even use its wood for anything.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Don’t be so ungrateful,† rustled the tree in reply. â€Å"I am being extremely useful to you at this very moment, shielding you from the hot sun. And you call me a good-for-nothing!†All of God’s creations have a good purpose. Islam teaches us that we should never belittle Allah’s blessings.

Expanding Perception in Alan Lightman’s Einsteins Dreams :: Lightman Einsteins Dreams Essays

Expanding Perception in Alan Lightman’s Einstein's Dreams To attempt to describe Einstein's Dreams would be like trying to explain magic. For example, imagine that a magician holds a ping-pong ball playfully, transferring it from one hand to the other. The magician invites the audience to examine a red silk kerchief that had been neatly tucked into his jacket's front pocket. He then lays the kerchief flat in his left hand and places the ping-pong ball in that kerchief-covered palm. The magician gathers the four corners of the kerchief together, flings it into the air and lets it fall to the floor. He picks up the kerchief and presents it again to the audience for examination: The ping-pong ball is nowhere to be found. Can you say that, from reading this description, you were full of awe and wonder when you discovered the ping-pong ball's disappearance? I would wager that you were not. If you have ever read Einstein's Dreams, you can appreciate my dilemma. If you have not yet had the opportunity to experience this wonderful novel by Alan Lightman, I guarantee that after you read it you will expand your perception of the nature of time and of human activity. The novel is enchanting. It is a fictional account of what one of the greatest scientific minds dreams as he begins to uncover his theory of relativity. Whenever I suggest the novel to the uninitiated, they often say that they are not interested in the sciences. This novel is more like art and poetry, I reply. Einstein's Dreams is Lightman's first work of fiction, although he previously wrote at least six books and for several magazines. Lightman currently teaches physics and writing at M.I.T. From these two seemingly conflicting backgrounds come reviews like "A wonderfully odd, clever, mystical book of meditations on time, poetically spare and delightfully fresh" and "Endlessly fascinating. A beguiling inquiry into the not-at-all theoretical, utterly time-tangled, tragic and sublime nature of human life." Only sixteen of the 179 pages relate to Albert Einstein. The rest of the novel describes some of his "dreams" from April 15 to June 28, 1905. What if time were a circle? What if cause and effect were erratic? What if the passage of time brought increasing order? What if we had no memories? What if time flowed backward? What if we lived for only a day? What if time were measured by quality and not quantity?

Lawyer essay Essay

Teenagers at this age of their lives are not certain about what career path they want to take, because of economic problems and personal influences which they face. Regardless of the fact, I knew from the time I was 9 years old that I wanted to be a lawyer. I have chosen this career because I want to help many people with certain problems and protect their rights. Lawyers give people and companies advice and tell them what they can and can’t do under the law. The trick of being a lawyer is finding a job in a type of law that you enjoy, because there are so many different types of lawyers; from tax attorneys to criminal defense lawyers. In support of my research I have met with Andrew Forsythe and Christopher Gunter, they are both criminal defense attorney and they also have been practicing law for 14 years. In hopes of getting a better understanding of my career search. I realize that before pursuing this career, it is also important to learn that you must need three or more years of intensive study beyond a bachelor’s degree program. You are also likely to face steep competition from others attempting to enter the legal profession. However, the potential benefits of being a lawyer can make pursing a legal career worth the effort. Part 1- Reasons for choosing this career A career as a lawyer is an extraordinary calling. However becoming a lawyer is an enormous undertaking in terms of time commitment and financial investment. The beauty of a law degree is that it opens door for many paths. You could choose to practice so many types of laws, or take your qualifications and never ever seen the inside of a court room. Many lawyers end up becoming professionals in other fields, such as working in policy in the department of state, entering the military, working in corporations, eve the FBI. I always wanted to be the guy with the suit and fancy shoes, standing in front of the judge and defending my client. It seem as a pretty easy job with well earned pay, which requires a lot of knowledge. Becoming a lawyer is often one of the most difficult professions to enter due to the high competition and time require obtaining degrees. You need at least 4- year bachelor’s degree, 3 years of law school and passing a written bar examination. However, some requirements vary by state. In schools such as mine, there aren’t any programs that let you work on criminal cases until you hit college, and college is not free. If your school may not offer this, then that ruins your change to get a scholarship to help you pay for the debt. Part 2- What I learned After I did some research on this career, I learned that you must earn a Bachelor’s degree, and take the LSAT. The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is a required standardized exam that applicants must take before entering a law school accredited by the American Bar Association. The exam is offered four times each year and measures an applicant’s reading and verbal reasoning skills. Last but not least, you must pass the Bar exam. Each state requires law school graduates to pass the bar exam in order to practice. Lawyers were able to accomplish their dream jobs based on passion and talent. â€Å"In a day and age when opportunity abounds, I’m surprised to find many people who give up on their dreams. Some want to learn how to become a lawyer but give in all too easily.† (Peter J. Loughlin) Becoming a Lawyer is very difficult. There are many fields that you could study for but to me, you should study the legal basis of law. It helps to interact with many people around you. (Lucille Ball) â€Å"If there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers† (Charles Dickens) The most important thing I learned about this career is that their salaries range from $110,000- $113,000. (Occupational outlook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.) This fact definitely made me happy. One of the best schools that offer job placement assistance after you have graduated, it’s ITT Tech. It’s a four year college and offers financial aid for those who need it. Part 3- Summary of my Interviews I interviewed Christopher Gunter. He is a criminal defense attorney and has practiced criminal law in Travis County since 1980, after earning his JD from ITT Tech. Mr. Gunter discusses his experiences prosecuting his first death penalty case when he was an Assistant District Attorney. Throughout my interview I’ve realized that he is very passionate about working as a lawyer. His salary starts at $75,000 and gets higher depending on the cases he takes. He suggested that â€Å"you must take this job seriously.† He also told me that â€Å"ITT Tech does not look at your experience, instead they look at all your grades, attendance to determine if you are a hard worker or not.† He earns a lot of money in every case he takes. He also enjoys defending his clients when they really need it. I felt very comfortable when he told me those things, I see lawyers as heroes, because they take their job seriously. Mr. Gunter taught that lawyers got their own way of doing things, some lawyers work different than others; however they all have something in common. They fight until the end and they share the same purpose; win their cases. Part 4- Reflection At the beginning of this I search project, I was shocked when I saw the mandatory 3-7 pages we had to do. It was really difficult to decide, at one point I decided to take the zero and do well on other tests. Now I am very thankful for having to do this project, because it taught me a lot in the area of my career. It also taught me to never give up on my dreams no matter how hard they are. I thought that I just go to college, get the degree and then get a job. I was completely wrong, that’s when I realized it was not that easy. I have learned a lot of stuff that I will need in the future I order to accomplish my goals, this project helped in many ways. I never knew that colleges looked at your attendance and judged you based on that. I am very happy at finding more about my choice of career; I know that being a lawyer is very difficult but not impossible, and I will never give up until I see myself standing in front of the judge, wearing a suit and fancy shoes.