Essay on Faulty Reasoning - 1203 Words

Faulty Reasoning Suicide is not a rational answer to mans suffering. Von Goethe himself exhorts his reader to be a man and not follow Werther. It is hard to give Werthers character sympathy for a self-destructive tendency. Even Lotte can perceive his ruinous path: Do you not sense that you are deceiving yourself and willing your own destruction?. Rather than being a man and admitting his culpability, he acts like a child. Werthers disposition supports his decision for taking his own life. It is not uncommon for an artist with . . . a soft heart and a fiery imagination to take their own life. Werther sees suicide as strength rather than weakness. In his argument with Albert over this question he states . . . in my†¦show more content†¦My friend, what a thing is the heart of man!. He is like a child, driven by his emotions rather than his intellect. He berates himself for his addiction to lamentation. He states again, I promise I shall improve, and will not keep on chewing ov er some morsel of misfortune doled out by fate, as I always have done. Werther childishly desires the unattainable (Lotte). In his letter to Wilhelm of October 30th, he justifies this unreasonable pursuit. Do not children reach out for everything that attracts them?—The why should not I? The object of his desire is aware of this and points it out to him: I fear, I very much fear that what makes the desire to possess me so attractive is its very impossibility . Werther preaches what he doesnt practice. He abhors ill-humour, but is possessed by it himself when he cannot triumph. In admiration he says of Albert, He seems to be almost free of ill-humour, which as you know is the human evil I loathe above all others. He argues vehemently: Is not ill-humour in fact our own inner displeasure at our own unworthiness, a feeling of discontent with ourselves, which is always related to envy, which in turn is stirred up by foolish vanity?. He calls ill-humour . . .a kind of indolence , yet he himself succumbs to what he disdains. After his attempt to save a murderer fails he . . . sank all the more deeply into a state of inactivity and pain . In ruminating about his life he feelShow MoreRelatedFaulty Reasoning behind Testing1943 Words   |  8 Pagesthem for College entrance they score into pre-College courses. The results of testing does not give an in-depth analysis of knowledge obtained by the student body, due to the lack of economic and social circumstances, therefore, the reasoning behind testing is faulty and should not be advocated, but discontinued. Schools are ranked according to their exams scores, which reveal schools within the most economic prosperous communities are ranked the highest. â€Å"Student in the highest socio-economic groupRead MoreLogical Fallacies. Logical Fallacies Can Be Found In Many1288 Words   |  6 Pagesseem plausible but turn out on close examination to be misleading† (Marietta-Brown). The second, discovered on the Purdue Owl webpage Logical Fallacies, describes Logical Fallacies as â€Å"common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument† (Weber). The final definition, â€Å"reasoning that fails to establish its conclusion because of deficiencies in form or wording† written by Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (Fallacy, formal and informal). Each of these definition portrayed a characteristicRead MoreAcuscan Critical Case Study1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthat new product will save the company. Analysis of Arguments: Cliff s argument for an additional means of revenue is logical but his approach, developing a new product when the company is still facing severe economic crisis, is fallacious reasoning. Cliff s argument that the company must make further economic cuts is valid from his experience analyzing AcuScan s numbers. His argument that a new retail product will restore the company may be invalid. Cost of development for the new projectRead MoreCounterarguing Colemans Allegations that Global Warming is a Scam1086 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Genetic Fallacy† are some of the logical fallacies that can be observed to prevail in Coleman’s argument. As a consequence, the soundness, validity, clarity, reasoning and consistency of the whole article are insubstantial. Coleman’s premises fail to support his proposition that global warming is a scam, making the whole argument distorted and faulty. The first defective premise that Coleman uses to support his claim, is that the scientists are â€Å"dastard†, â€Å"manipulative† and â€Å"wacko†, who are only â€Å"eagerRead Moreshould everyone go to college?1533 Words   |  7 Pageslike thus, it gives her credibility to make strong statements because she showed that she did research. Upon doing research on Charles Murray it was discovered that he went to Harvard, which may make one doubt the validity of his argument. Another faulty is that a man who went to such a prestigious school will have a different expectation than someone who went to the University of New Hampshire for example. Of course he doesn’t think college is for everyone because not everyone may be able to makeRead MoreEvaluation Of A Separate Dialogues1401 Words   |  6 Pagesan argument while the second character provides a response. The second character is then identified as to whether or not their response meets the challenge of argument. Subsequently, an explanation will be included in order to fully clarify the reasoning that is given. Furthermore, an analysis of all the characters of each dialogue will be included. Terminology studied from this semester such as the ARG conditions and various forms of fallacies will be used in order to support the suggested analysisRead MoreHow to Put Forward a Great Argument1902 Words   |  8 Pagesand comments that can be applied in our own logical thinking skill to tell the truth from the false. There are many fallacies that exist. Four of them are appealing to pity, appealing to tradition, jumping to conclusion and reasoning that do not follow. â€Å"Mistakes in reasoning are called logical fallacies.† (Millar 33) Understanding about common logical mistakes can help us to build an argument that will win victory. Appealing to pity is used when one is attempting to get you to feel sympathizedRead MoreDr. David Burns s The Feeling Good Handbook703 Words   |  3 Pagesarticle in this issue of Watchmen, â€Å"Assumption Busting,† explores how faulty assumptions can make our problem solving ineffective. Cognitive Emotive Therapy makes a broader claim. Mistaken ideas can actually ruin our lives and health with bad decisions. Put another way, faulty (or irrational) thinking makes us ill, but rational thinking restores our mental health and social balance. According to Cognitive Therapy, our reasoning can fall into typical irrational â€Å"traps.† These traps are automaticRead MoreMarriages, Families and Relatiohsips821 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion posed. Answer reflects logic, reasoning and analysis. The answer is fully and clearly explained. | 8 | The answer addresses question posed, but it is not completely developed or the critical thinking is not fully explained. (I.e. answer is essentially accurate, but too brief; critical thinking is not clearly shown). | 6 | The answer is incomplete and/or not well reasoned. | 4 | The question is attempted, but answer is wrong and/or the reasoning is faulty. | Total 50 | A quality paper willRead MoreInterpretation Of Inferences And Assumptions1512 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Reasoning Colorado State University: Global Campus Robert Freeborough September 14, 2014 Running head: INTERPRETATION OF INFERENCES AND ASSUMPTIONS 2 Critical thinking is a part of everyday life and does not necessarily mean making a decision in a high pressure or high stakes environment. It can be as simple as understanding connections between one concept and another in order to anticipate what the outcome may be. Or, it may be detecting faulty reasoning

To What Extent Does Social Identity Determine Job Choice

TO WHAT EXTENT DOES SOCIAL IDENTITY DETERMINE JOB CHOICE The literature review focuses on the collection of secondary data on the research topic, which is the extent to which social identity determines job choice. The literature review is conducted under three major themes, which act as the pivotal basis for constructing theoretical meaning to the larger research problem. The Social Identity Theory Studies on social identity have been dated back to centuries. According to Heckman (2006) the reason social identity studies remain very important to academicians and professionals is for the fact that all people are social being and that at every point in time, it is important to find the impact of the social system on an individual.†¦show more content†¦In most of these literatures, factor analysis has been used with emphasis on non-pecuniary identity payoffs (Wolfe and Haveman, 2003). The bowl of contention has however often been factors that most align with social identity, where two major factors namely career orientation and social orientation has been debated. Stets and Burke (2000) noted that career orientation factors are those social identity variables that makes a person becomes concerned about career outcomes that match well with their social beliefs, principles and expectations. For such people whose emphasis is on career orientation, they would want the career choices they are making to give them the fullest assurance of protecting their social identities and satisfying their social ambitions (Hoff and Priyanka, 2006). There is another school of thought who have emphasised on social orientation in the search for a model for career choice and identity. From the perspective of these reviewers, social identity is stronger than career expectations and so at any point while entering a career, a person would look at his personal ability for his social status to fit into the career that is being pursued, rather than want the career to fit social ability (Wolfe and Haveman, 2003). But quite interestingly, both sides of the argument approached from career orientation and social orientation end up withShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Advertising on Perceived Gender Roles628 Words   |  3 Pagessince it is not intended to be a governmental aid in ensuring and creating opportunities for equality, we are unable to expect such efforts to be made within this industry. Advertisers have the job of selling, to persuade and increase consumption as to satisfy the capitalist’s pockets. The play on social injustice often associated with this particular industry makes it relevant to question it though. Male dominance in this area is evident, but are we not even to view men and women as equal in termsRead MoreWhy Companies Should Enforce Written Policies837 Words   |  4 PagesBeing on the job with nothing to do since you have completed your day’s assignment before time can be frustrating. Or even falling astray because the internet is free to use to one’s advantage, is the problems many managers encounter with employees on a daily basis. Primarily, use of email, instant messaging and the internet have been a tool implemented on the job to increase employee productivity but sometimes does the opposite. Managers believe that there must be a solution to minimize this issueRead MoreUnderstanding the Multicultural Workforce: Challenges, Issues and Differences1490 Words   |  6 Pagesill-bred, particularly in a business situation. However, in the American culture it is exactly what is necessary to get ahead (1992). Another example illustrated by Hammond and Kleiner is how language can be a barrier. In many cultures it is taught that to tell someone no is very discourteous, and instead will nod and say yes. The yes in this situation simply means, I hear you, I understand what you are saying., yet a native of American culture would take this as an affirmative response. ManyRead MoreAnalysis Of Nancy Mairs s On Being A Cripple 1083 Words   |  5 Pageswith death, war, sex, sweat, and wrinkles. Through the usage of ethos, pathos, logos and other rhetorical devices, she effectively tells her story and proves that there is power in words, from which she could come to terms with a new fact of her identity, and to accept the incurability of her disease. Mairs begins her essay with a short anecdote that includes a humorous metaphor â€Å"the old beetle-on-its-back routine,† which makes the sensitive subject immediately more welcoming. â€Å"First, the matterRead MoreLanguages Influence on our Perception of the World Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pageshelps to shape our identities, define and limit our expectations of the world around us and who we are. You might ask yourself, how does our language shape our identities and influence our perceptions of the world? Through language, we are able to make meaning, understand, and define ourselves. We are able to communicate what we feel, our ideas, our hopes, and our dreams with others who can respond to our feelings and thoughts. However, our choice of words cannot always capture what we are feeling toRead MorePersonal Growth And Happiness : Positive Psychology1367 Words   |  6 Pagesforgiveness, kindness and gratitude (Peterson Webb, 2006). Suh’s (2000, p63) metaphor of ‘Self as the hyphen between culture and subjective wellbeing’ is useful to aid our understanding of the construction of self, identity and happiness. Indeed, in exploring how the self interacts with social institutions and the daily lived world, we can begin to understand the meaning of spiritual wellbeing (happiness, life fulfilled) for individuals in different cultural systems. Contextual and cultural factors influenceRead MoreEssay about Intro to Human Resources1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthe exam: * 40 questions * All multiple choice * 5% of questions originate from videos, 10% from assigned articles, 90% from lecture slides and book Example questions: 1. This job analysis tool uses the following scales to rate the importance of tasks: extent of use, amount of time, importance to the job, and possibility of occurrence. A. Fleishman B. Position Analysis Questionnaire C. O*Net D. Job Element Inventory 2. Your companyRead MoreThe Battle For Gender Equality1705 Words   |  7 Pagesmen and women all around the world. But what exactly constitutes gender equality, what does it mean to be equal? Why does gender equality matter so much in the first place? After all, are we not all human beings? The issue surrounding gender equality is a complex issue because the concept of gender in itself is a social construction. This makes the notion of gender dynamic and volatile. How one is perceived and categorized in society’s gender binary determines whether the system works in their favorRead MoreEssay on The Economic Structure of Matewan1293 Words   |  6 Pagessociety undergoing complete social unrest, a result of clashing ideals and economic systems. The film is an illustration of how different social systems come to be so intertwined that they cannot be defined independently of one another. Unfortunately for the people of Matewan, the feudalistic economic system im posed on them by the Stone Mountain Coal Company has come to dominate every facet of their existence, including their political system, their cultural identities, and even the environment inRead MoreThe Rights Of Transgender Teenagers1667 Words   |  7 Pageschange a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity, and the metal abuse it causes (Segal). The rights of transgender teenagers over the rights of parents and leaders is an important subject in the continuing battle of transgender rights, and what should be done to save teenagers from the harmful fate that this conversion therapy causes. For many, transgenderism is not a very well known subject : â€Å"To be transgender is to have a gender identity that does not align with the biology of the sex assigned

Babylon, the Glorious Ancient Mesopotamian Capital

Babylon was the name of the capital of Babylonia, one of several city-states in Mesopotamia. Our modern name for the city is a version of the  ancient Akkadian name for it: Bab Ilani or Gate of the Gods. Babylons ruins are located in what is today Iraq, near the modern town of Hilla and on the eastern bank of the Euphrates river. People first lived at Babylon at least as long ago as the late 3rd millennium BC, and it became the political center of southern Mesopotamia beginning in the 18th century, during the reign of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC). Babylon maintained its importance as a city for an astounding 1,500 years, until around 300 BC. Hammurabis City A Babylonian description of the ancient city, or rather a list of the names of the city and its temples, is found in the cuneiform text called Tintir Babylon, so named because its first sentence translates to something like Tintir is a name of Babylon, on which glory and jubilation are bestowed. This document is a compendium of Babylons significant architecture, and it was probably compiled about 1225 BC, during the era of Nebuchadnezzar I. Tintir lists 43 temples, grouped by the quarter of the city in which they were located, as well as city-walls, waterways, and streets, and a definition of the ten city quarters. What else we know of the ancient Babylonian city comes from archaeological excavations. German archaeologist Robert Koldewey  dug a huge pit 21 meters [70 feet] deep into the tell discovering the Esagila temple in the early 20th century. It wasnt until the 1970s when a joint Iraqi-Italian team led by Giancarlo Bergamini revisited the deeply buried ruins. But, apart from that, we dont know a lot about Hammurabis city, because it was destroyed in the ancient past. Babylon Sacked According to cuneiform writings, Babylons rival Assyrian king Sennacherib sacked the city in 689 BC. Sennacherib bragged that he razed all the buildings and dumped the rubble into the Euphrates River. Over the next century, Babylon was reconstructed by its Chaldean rulers, who followed the old city plan. Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562) conducted a massive reconstruction project and left his signature on many of Babylons buildings. It is Nebuchadnezzars city that dazzled the world, beginning with the admiring reports of Mediterranean historians. Nebuchadnezzars City Nebuchadnezzars Babylon was enormous, covering an area of some 900 hectares (2,200 acres): it was the largest city in the Mediterranean region until imperial Rome. The city lay within a large triangle measuring 2.7x4x4.5 kilometers (1.7x2.5x2.8 miles), with one edge formed by the bank of the Euphrates and the other sides made up of walls and a moat. Crossing the Euphrates and intersecting the triangle was the walled rectangular (2.75x1.6 km or 1.7x1 mi) inner city, where most of the major monumental palaces and temples were located. The major streets of Babylon all led to that central location. Two walls and a moat surrounded the inner city and one or more bridges connected the eastern and western parts. Magnificent gates allowed entry to the city: more of that later. Temples and Palaces At the center was the main sanctuary of Babylon: in Nebuchadnezzars day, it contained 14 temples. The most impressive of these was the Marduk Temple Complex, including the Esagila (The House Whose Top is High) and its massive ziggurat, the Etemenanki (House/Foundation of Heaven and the Underworld). The Marduk Temple was surrounded by a wall pierced with seven gates, protected by the statues of dragons made from copper. The ziggurat, located across an 80 m (260 ft) wide street from the Marduk Temple, was also surrounded by high walls, with nine gates also protected by copper dragons. The main palace at Babylon, reserved for official business, was the Southern Palace, with an enormous throne room, decorated with lions and stylized trees. The Northern Palace, thought to have been the Chaldean rulers residence, had lapis-lazuli glazed reliefs. Found within its ruins was a collection of much older artifacts, collected by the Chaldeans from various places around the Mediterranean. The Northern Palace was considered a possible candidate for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon; although evidence has not been found and a more likely location outside of Babylon has been identified (see Dalley). Babylons Reputation In the Christian Bibles  Book of Revelation  (ch. 17), Babylon was described as Babylon the great, mother of harlots and of earths abominations, making it the epitome of evil and decadence everywhere. This was a bit of religious propaganda to which the preferred cities of  Jerusalem  and Rome were compared and warned against becoming. That notion dominated western thought until late 19th-century German excavators brought home parts of the ancient city and installed them in a museum in Berlin, including the marvelous dark-blue Ishtar gate with its bulls and dragons. Other historians marvel at the citys amazing size. The Roman historian  Herodotus  [~484-425 BC] wrote about Babylon in the first book of his  Histories  (chapters 178-183), although scholars argue about whether Herodotus actually saw Babylon or just heard about it. He described it as a vast city, much much larger than the archaeological evidence shows, claiming that the city walls stretched a circumference of some 480 stadia (90 km). The 5th-century Greek historian Ctesias, who probably did actually visit in person, said the city walls stretched 66 km (360 stadia).  Aristotle  described it as a city that has the size of a nation. He reports that when  Cyrus the Great  captured the outskirts of the city, it took three days for the news to reach the center. The Tower of Babel According to Genesis in the Judeo-Christian Bible, the  Tower of Babel  was built in an attempt to reach heaven. Scholars believe that the massive Etemenanki ziggurat was the inspiration for the legends. Herodotus reported that the ziggurat had a solid central tower with eight tiers. The towers could be climbed by way of an exterior spiral staircase, and about half-way up there was a place to rest. On the 8th tier of the Etemenanki ziggurat was a great temple with a large, richly decorated couch and beside it stood a golden table. No one was allowed to spend the night there, said Herodotus, except one specially selected Assyrian woman. The ziggurat was dismantled by  Alexander the Great  when he conquered Babylon in the 4th century BC. City Gates The Tintir Babylon tablets list the city gates, which all had evocative nicknames, such as the Urash gate, The Enemy is Abhorrent to it, the Ishtar gate Ishtar overthrows its Assailant and the Adad gate O Adad, Guard the Life of the Troops. Herodotus says there were 100 gates in Babylon: archaeologists have only found eight in the inner city, and the most impressive of those was the Ishtar gate, built and rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar II, and currently on display at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. To get to the Ishtar Gate, the visitor walked for some 200 m (650 ft) between two high walls decorated with bas-reliefs of 120 striding lions. The lions are brightly colored and the background is a striking glazed lapis lazuli dark blue. The tall gate itself, also dark blue, depicts 150 dragons and bulls, symbols of the protectors of the city, Marduk and Adad. Babylon and Archaeology The archaeological site of Babylon has been excavated by a number of people, most notably by  Robert Koldewey  beginning in 1899. Major excavations ended in 1990. Many cuneiform tablets were collected from the city in the 1870s and 1880s, by  Hormuzd Rassam  of the British Museum. The Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities conducted work at Babylon between 1958 and the onset of the Iraq war in the 1990s. Other recent work was conducted by a German team in the 1970s and an Italian one from the University of Turin in the 1970s and 1980s. Heavily damaged by the Iraq/US war, Babylon has recently been investigated by researchers of the  Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino  at the University of Turin using QuickBird and satellite imagery to quantify and monitor the ongoing damage. Sources Much of the information about Babylon here is summarized from Marc Van de Mieroops 2003 article in the American Journal of Archaeology for the later city; and George (1993) for the Babylon of Hammurabi. Brusasco P. 2004. Theory and practice in the study of Mesopotamian domestic space.  Antiquity  78(299):142-157.Dalley S. 1993.  Ancient Mesopotamian gardens and the identification of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon resolved.  Garden History  21(1):1-13.George AR. 1993.  Babylon revisited: archaeology and philology in harness.  Antiquity  67(257):734-746.Jahjah M, Ulivieri C, Invernizzi A, and Parapetti R. 2007.  Archaeological remote sensing application pre-postwar situation of Babylon archaeological site—Iraq.  Acta Astronautica 61:121–130.Reade J. 2000.  Alexander the Great and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.  Iraq  62:195-217.Richard S. 2008. ASIA, WEST |  Archaeology of the Near East: The Levant. In: Pearsall DM, editor.  Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 834-848.Ur J. 2012. Southern Mesopotamia. In: Potts DT, editor.  A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p 533-555.Va n de Mieroop M. 2003.  Reading Babylon.  American Journal of Archaeology  107(2):254-275.

How Communism Affects Social Classes in Paradise of the...

How Communism Affects Social Classes in Paradise of the Blind and House of the Spirits Word Count: 1500 Communism is the idea of a classless society; a society in which there are no distinctions between social classes and where all government systems are abolished. A communist society normally aims to allow individuals to obtain a common political status. Communism, in general, disagrees with old traditions of social classes (What is Communism?). When communism develops in a society, social classes become affected as demonstrated in the novels of Paradise of the Blind and House of the Spirits. In these novels, communism affects the social classes in such a way that the distinction of the rich and the poor is lessened, and an unequal†¦show more content†¦Esteban Trueba, one of the main characters in the book, owns the land of Tres Marias. Unlike Chinh, who is a member of the peasantry class, Trueba is a member of the landowning class; therefore he has different views than Chinh. Since Chinh is a member of the peasantry class, the unequal distribution of wealth among the classes leads him to believe that the peasantry class is a strong and hardworking class who deserves more than what they have. He acts as if it is an honor to be a member of this class. He states,† The Do family [their family] never owned rice paddy, not even the tiniest patch. That is why today, I have been promoted to chief of the village Land Reform Section â€Å" (Huong 31). The Land Reform Section is an organization of the peasantry class that strives to eliminate the wealthy class (the landowning class). Their goal is to denounce those who own land in front of the entire community so that the landowners can witness the feeling of shame and embarrassment. He states â€Å"They [the landowning class] belong to the exploiting class. These are precisely the people we must denounce and punish† (Huong 22). By observing the atmosphere of Tres Marias, it is effortless to see the communism that takes place. In Tres Marias, the upper class [Esteban Trueba and his family] controls the infrastructure of the environment. He rules as a dictator would, and disapproves of the peasantry class holdingShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesrelevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued conclusions but with making choices, assessing reasons, seeking advice, etc. Dowden gets the balance and the emphasis right. Norman Swartz, Simon Fraser University Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depthRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesand job satisfaction, practices providing work life balance, organizational direction, and other practices that facilitate retention. Next, there will be a discussion of the costs of downsizing and layoffs. This will be followed by a discussion of how to avoid business cycle–based layoffs, alternatives to layoffs, and employment guarantees. There will also be a discussion of the relationship between job insecurity and work Page 5 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Section One effort. Nontraditional

The Birthday Of Legendary Pink Floyd - 1103 Words

Today (March 6) is the birthday of legendary Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour. Gilmour replaced founding member Syd Barrett on guitar after Barrett left the band due to mental illness exacerbated by excessive psychedelic drug use. The band went on to become one of the most phenomenally successful groups in history, selling over 250 million albums world wide. Though Gilmour is mum when it comes to the band’s personal drug usage, the music of Pink Floyd remains heavily drenched in psychedelic overtones. In celebration of David GIlmour’s birthday, we present to you the 10 most psychedelic Pink Floyd songs. Let’s start with the first track off of Pink Floyd’s 1967 debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. Written and composed by Syd†¦show more content†¦A personal favorite of mine, Remember A Day evokes imagery like a sonic painting, rendered by the likes of someone such as Salvador Dali. Bike is a Syd Barrett masterpiece which appears on The Piper At the Gates of Dawn (1967). Ostensibly written for Syd’s then girlfriend â€Å"Jenny Spires,† we take a quixotic notion that the song references, if not deliberately, then synchronistically, the first self administered dose of LSD. In 1943, inventor of LSD Albert Hoffman intentionally ingested 250 micrograms of LSD to determine its effects. He subsequently took a bicycle ride during which he succumbed to the drugs effects causing him to feel anxiety, a sense of going insane, and the belief that his neighbor was a malevolent witch. The events of this first LSD trip have come to be known as â€Å"Bicycle Day.† Like the black monolith discovered on the moon in Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey, the album Dark Side of the Moon (1973) stands as a monolith to all of psychedelic rock. The record is one big acid trip from start to finish, but we will choose one song, The Great Gig in the Sky, as representative. This particular version did not appear on the record and features recordings of NASA astronauts communicating during space missions, sans Clarry Tory’s excellent

Cultures And Management Across The World - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Cultures And Management Across The World. Answer: Introduction Cross-culture management is a significant key that determines the success of the business. The cross-culture management provides an opportunity for the business organizations to understand the expectation of the different cultures and fulfil them in international expansion. This report introduces the importance of cross-culture management for the business organizations while international expansion. Cultural barriers are the basic challenges encountered by the business organizations when they go global or international. Thus, the business organizations need to understand to initiators of these barriers in terms of culture and overcome them. As commented by Kramsch (2013), the concept of culture highlights the system of norms and values that are shared among a group of individuals that influences their style of living and their beliefs. This report also introduces the importance and impact of managing cross-culture by the business organizations in order to ensure successful international establishments and expansions. The effective management of cross-culture is discussed with respect to groups, individuals their beliefs, social mobility, ethical system, religious beliefs and language. The report also includes the Hofstedes cultural dimension in effective cross-culture management. Hofstedes cultural dimensions in cross-culture management Hofstedes cultural dimension plays a critical role while understanding the differences that arise in cross-culture management and help develop strategies for mitigating them. The six features of Hofstedes cultural dimension includes individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, power distance, uncertainty avoidance index, indulgence versus restraint and long-term versus short-term (Mazanec et al., 2015). Hofstedes cultural dimensions shed light on the individual preferences and beliefs that distinguish the individuals and the group of people. According to Hofstedes cultural dimension, power distance is defined as the unequal distribution of power within the business organization. In this case, the conflict arises, as the people with less power assume that the people with greater power are dominating them. Therefore, being submissive gives rise to conflicts in terms of cross-culture. For instance, in the Western countries, people belonging to cultures other than Ch ristianity might feel submissive in the business organizations, thereby, resulting in conflicts. Thus, the business organizations need to ensure that they strike a balance at the workplace by restricting the uneven distribution of dominance and power by considering the individual beliefs, background, cultures and norms. This can be done by developing equal pay policies, employment opportunities and facilities for each individual at the workplace (Dartey-Baah, 2013). According to Rienties and Tempelaar (2013), uncertainty avoidance is defined as the situation that sheds light on the series of cultural events due to which the individuals are either uncomfortable or comfortable. This phenomenon is noticed because according to this factor, the society tries to control things that are out of their reach and has to deal with the future occurrences. Thus, in cross-culture, the uncertainty avoidance index is higher due to the existing differences between the cultures. For instance, the countries with rigid beliefs, behaviour and attitude tend to higher uncertainty avoidance index, as they are intolerant and have a conservative approach for different cultures and individuals with different cultural beliefs thereby, acting as a major barrier in the cross-culture management. The rate of uncertainty avoidance index is lower in countries that have an open approach, attitude and belief towards other cultures. This is because such countries emphasize more on p ractices rather than cultural principles (Zhao, 2013). The cross-culture management is also determined by the long-term versus a short-term factor of the Hofstedes cultural dimension. Under this factor, it is essential for the business organizations to consider their past for dealing with their challenges in the present and in the future. The difficulty arises when the business organizations tend to stick to their norms and tradition while considering their past and fail to accept societal change by being flexible. This is because the business organizations fail to change with time and incorporate the new cultures, norms, values and attitudes thereby, including the societal changes. As commented by Beugelsdijk, Maseland and Hoorn (2015), indulgence is defined as the free gratitude provided by the society in terms of natural and basic human needs in order to enjoy the life and maintain a standard living standard. However, as argued by Khan (2014), the concept of restraint highlights limitation on the gratitude, as it is regulated by the strict norms of the society. The indulgence versus restraint factor affects the cross-culture management, as the individuals fail to accept the cultural change with an open mind. The difference between the males and females of the society is a major issue while ensuring cross-cultural management. This is because of the unequal and uneven distribution of power and opportunities between the males and females in the society. It is evident that the females of the society are paid less in spite of being more qualified than males due to existing biases. As a result, the issue in cross culture is evident due to the existing inequality be tween men and women in the society (Minkov Hofstede, 2014). Contextual factors affecting cross-culture management A range of contextual factors determines the cross-culture management that highlights the effectiveness and success. Language is one of the key media that through provides an opportunity for the individuals to communicate. According to Thomas and Peterson (2017), cross-cultural conflicts arise due to the difference in language and the expressions associated with it. Communication among the employees, customers and the various stakeholders are based on the language. Diverse language is present and used at the global scale that provides an opportunity for the business organizations to communicate and establish an effective relationship. Thus, while managing cross-culture, it is essential to consider, learn and aware of the national or local language. This provides an opportunity for effective sharing of ideas, views, cultures and norms among the individuals without offending them. However, as criticised by Eisenberg et al., (2013), religious beliefs and cultures is another major issue in cross-culture. This is because of difference and distinctive beliefs, norms, attitudes and cultures of different religions. Religion is a mutual belief and ritual that is followed by the individuals or the community thereby, influencing their living style and beliefs. Thus, understanding and considering the religious beliefs is helpful in cross-culture management, as this ensures respect for different cultures. Religious and ethical attitudes beliefs hamper cross-culture management due to distinctive beliefs and values. For instance, while developing menus, services and products, the religious values, norms and attitudes need to considered in cross-culture management. The individuals due to the difference in individual beliefs, attitudes, values and background also influence cross-culture. As mentioned by French (2015), dynamism is promoted by individuals while working together with different people under the same roof. However, as argued by Chanlat (2013), lack of organizational loyalty and gaining organization-specific knowledge is hampered if individualism is practiced. This gives rise to fierce and tough competition between the individuals thereby, hampering the work environment. Individualism is highly noticed in cross-culture, as it consists of different individuals with different cultural backgrounds. Thus, each individual prefers to stick to his or her own culture and understand the cultures of other individuals. Individuals do not prefer to leave their personal agenda aside and work according to the cultural norms and values of other individuals thereby, giving rise to issues in cross-culture management. It is important to mitigate the cr oss-culture conflicts by identifying the major issues that help in ensuring the effectiveness of the business. As commented by Jyoti and Kour (2015), successful and effective managing of cross-culture provides an opportunity for the business organizations to gain competitive advantage and sustain in the market. As a result, it is easier to expand business globally thereby, earning huge profit and revenue. Suitable recommendations for effective cross-culture management In order to ensure effective cross-culture management, cross-culture literacy, regio-centric business policies, gathering knowledge about the cultures of the employees and decreasing ethnocentrism are highly recommended. As commented by Reiche, Mendenhall and Stahl (2016), the individuals and the business organizations need to have adequate cross-culture literacy. This will provide an opportunity understand and develop the knowledge of each others cultures and respect them while working together. Additionally, cross-cultural literacy also helps the business organizations to develop business policies by considering the international and national cultural values and norms. However, as argued by Jiang, Gollan and Brooks (2015), minimizing ethnocentrism is more beneficial in managing cross-culture. This will help in restricting the belief of superiority in the individuals and prevent conflicts. Additionally, developing regio-centric business policies by gathering adequate information abo ut the employees will also help in effective cross-culture management. Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that managing cross-culture is difficult, as it deals with individuals with different distinctive beliefs, values, cultures and norms. As a result, it is important for the business organizations to manage cross-culture effectively in order to ensure business expansion, generating profit and growing the customer base. This report mentions and describes the various factors of Hofstedes cultural dimension in order to understand its effectiveness in ensuring cross-culture management and success of the business organization. Effective cross-culture management can be ensured by considering social stratification, individual beliefs and national beliefs. Thus, respect is a crucial factor in cross-culture management, as this mitigates issues in managing it. Effective cross-culture management can be ensured by promoting cross-culture literacy, minimizing ethnocentrism, developing local or national business policies and gather adequate knowledge about the emp loyees. References Beugelsdijk, S., Maseland, R., Hoorn, A. (2015). Are scores on Hofstede's dimensions of national culture stable over time? A cohort analysis. Global Strategy Journal, 5(3), 223-240. Chanlat, J. F. (2013). Cross-cultural management: culture and management across the world. Routledge. Dartey-Baah, K. (2013). The cultural approach to the management of the international human resource: An analysis of Hofstedes cultural dimensions. International Journal of Business Administration, 4(2), 39. Eisenberg, J., Lee, H. J., Brck, F., Brenner, B., Claes, M. T., Mironski, J., Bell, R. (2013). Can business schools make students culturally competent? Effects of cross-cultural management courses on cultural intelligence. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(4), 603-621. French, R. (2015). Cross-cultural management in work organisations. Kogan Page Publishers. Jiang, Z., Gollan, P. J., Brooks, G. (2015). Moderation of doing and mastery orientations in relationships among justice, commitment, and trust: a cross-cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management, 22(1), 42-67. Jyoti, J., Kour, S. (2015). Assessing the cultural intelligence and task performance equation: Mediating role of cultural adjustment. Cross Cultural Management, 22(2), 236-258. Khan, S. N. (2014). Impact of Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions on Subordinates Perception of Abusive Supervision. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(12), 239. Kramsch, C. (2013). Teaching culture and intercultural competence. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D., Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation. Tourism Management, 48, 299-304. Minkov, M., Hofstede, G. (2014). A replication of Hofstedes uncertainty avoidance dimension across nationally representative samples from Europe. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 14(2), 161-171. Reiche, B. S., Mendenhall, M. E., Stahl, G. K. (Eds.). (2016). Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Rienties, B., Tempelaar, D. (2013). The role of cultural dimensions of international and Dutch students on academic and social integration and academic performance in the Netherlands. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(2), 188-201. Thomas, D. C., Peterson, M. F. (2017). Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Zhao, F. (2013). An empirical study of cultural dimensions and e-government development: implications of the findings and strategies. Behaviour Information Technology, 32(3), 294-306.

The Slave Ship J.M.W Turner free essay sample

The Slave Ship painting by British Artist Turner is said to have been inspired by the practice of the late eighteenth century Atlantic slave traders who would throw the dead and dying slaves overboard in order to collect the insurance money paid out upon their death but only if they drowned. Turner is said to have been influenced by the Gong Massacre of slaves 1781 http:// In this essay I intend to discuss three aspects of the work. The first will be the subject matter of the painting the second will be the composition and finally the style and colors in which it was painted.With The Slave Ship it may have been a personal relationship between the Artist and his subject matter or it may have been that he was enrolled among other artists for example like Johan Morris Reground 1802-1858 and Augusta- Franà §ois Board 1979-1882 to advance the Abolitionists cause worldwide through their art. We will write a custom essay sample on The Slave Ship J.M.W Turner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The British Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade: its emblem of 1 787 with a chained black slave begging to be freed and a diagram Of a slave ship illustrating the inhuman way in which Africans were stowed when crossing the Atlantic. (A World History of Art Hugh Honor ND John Fleming P. 56) Although slavery was abolished in Britain at the time that this painting was painted it was still thriving in Europe, the United States and many other places throughout the world. Turner has taken a sensitive matter of that time and through his work has shown the atrocity of slavery and the treatment of slaves in a very direct and uncompromising way. The lack of value on a living human being is shown by Turner through the visual image of the slaves who were diseased or dying having been thrown into an unmerciful sea. The complete disregard for the ate or state of these slaves who were only seen as a commodity is forcefully shown.My initial reaction to The Slave Ship was one of interest and then shock. At first I thought was looking at a stormy seascape. A ship fighting for control with a turbulent sea in the background then as my eye was drawn across from the ship and toward the bottom of the painting I started to see shackles and chains attached to human limbs coming out of the water desperately reaching for help. The maroon and red colors in the Water that you See is actually the sea stained with the blood of supernatural sea creatures gorging n drowning human beings. A raging dark sky and sea and then the sun shining made for incongruous and brutal viewing. Slaves cast overboard (detail of the Slave Ship) http://www. Victorianism. Org/art/crisis/Carlisle. HTML dont think that it is immediately clear what is happening in the painting but it is definitely obvious that something terrible is going on. The title explains everything. The way The Slave Ship is composed is immediately interesting to the eye. The ominous sky with the sun shining on and across part of the sea gives a stark contrast. The ship is going to the left looking very vulnerable but till determined with the sails of the vessel furled as if to prepare for worsening storm conditions.This is depicted by the sky and the winds that are evidently high judging by the size of the swell and foam of the sea. In the positioning of the lower foreground there are huge fish feasting and the arms and leg sticking out of the water are manacled and of dark skin, that suggests they are the limbs of drowning slaves. Above that to the right is a very large sea creature that appears to be moving toward the carnage at high speed and to the left Of the foreground birds are circling the bodies in the water. The birds appear to be very small when compared to the fish and the leg.I believe that The Slave Ship opposes vantage points to communicate to the viewer both sympathy and judgment. The composition of this work differs from other Romantic landscapes which show nature in all its beauty and serenity. [pick Sea creature coming through the waves to feast on the slaves (detail of the Slave Ship) Romantic artists used their art to portray their love and connection with nature. Their painting techniques generally encompass bright, vibrant colors, or paler and darker tones that do not provide contrast within the painting, UT are rather blended and create a softer image.Many times, the immediate focus of the eye is drawn to some component of nature rather than the manmade aspects. Many times the painters brush strokes do not create precise lines, but are vague and provide a blurred perception http:// Protectionisms. Wiseacres. Com/Art The use of light and color in The Slave Ship has a dramatic effect. It contains a broad range of colors varying from the dark blues, reds, maroons yellows oranges and pinks. In this specific painting Turner used a technique where pure colors are altered through the other layers of the painting and can be seen shining through, creating a glowing, and luminous effect. Http:// protectionisms. Wiseacres. Com/The+Sieve+Ship Oil paint applied thickly helps Turner achieve the smeared effect. The brush strokes blend together and the technique of impasto allows the thick application of the oil paint to create the bright sun. The colors chosen produce a realistic effect, the brush strokes are strong and at times appear aggressive at though the strength of the brushstroke can represent the strength of nature that the artist is portraying. The only part of the painting with strong definition and shading is the leg sticking out of the water. Special attention has been given to make sure this is not blurred or merging into its surroundings like the rest of the painting. This is for a reason and I do believe it is what draws your eye downward from the ship In a constructed manner purposely planned by the artist Though almost all of his critics believed that the painting represented an all time low in Turners reckless disregard for the rules Of art, it was in fact his greatest triumph in the sculptural carving of space. Http://www. BBC. Co. / arts/powerboat/turner. SHTML In conclusion I think that Turners Slave Ship is hugely successful and achieves a great deal. It reaches out to the viewer and calls on them to reflect on the subject matter in all its raw and base unpleasantness. It is a moving work of art which was ground breaking for its time, controversial in both its content and in the way it broke the rules of the Romantic era. The composition of the painting is both interesting and exciting with tragedy, beauty, justice and injustice.The colors used are strong and determined and I believe reflect and highlight the situation. John Risking the Critic who owned the painting and who was also a close friend of Turners wrote But I think (its) the noblest sea that Turner has ever painted, and if so, the noblest certainly ever painted by man, is that of The Slave Ship, the chief Academy picture of the exhibition of 1840 . I believe, if I were reduced to rest Turners immortality upon any single work, I should choose this.Modern Painters (1846); Constructionist:// everything. Com/title/The+Slave+Ship Compared to today with Our overload Of visual images from all over the world that are communicated directly into our homes, cars and portable appliances thin minutes of occurring, the means of communications was hugely limited in 1840 when Turner painted the Slave Ship. That was a time of different and restrictive views and I believe that the brilliance of Turner is that he sought to communicate a message through his medium.